306 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
mis, and in F. Ramontchi or Plumtree of Madagascar. The root 
of F. sepiaria passes as being alexipharmic in India, and in the 
same country the young shoots of Æ Cataphracta’ (figs. 297-300) 
are eaten as tonics, stomachics, and astringents. Letia apetala and 
resinosa are considered as purgative in the Antilles, and give a kind 
of sandarac having drastic properties.‘ In the Mauritius, 4ph/loia 
theiformis has a bark which serves the same purpose as ipecacuanha. 
The Acome, especially Homalium racemosum® (figs. 322-325) have 
an astringent root, which is used in Guiana as antigonorrhetic. 
Turnera opifera Marr., is also an astringent; it 1s prescribed in 
Brazil for dyspepsia. 7. wlmifolia Li, and angustifolia Curt.,’ are 
employed in America as tonics and expectorants. The Samydee 
are also often used as astringents: principally at Para, Gwedonia 
adstringens which is used to cicatrize ulcers, and has besides a cer- 
tain acridity ; in Guiana, G@. ovata, the bark of which is bitter, the 
leaves used in preparing baths for the treatment of rheumatism, and 
the fruit, said to have diuretic properties ; in central Brazil, G. u/mi- 
Jolia,” which is applied to wounds, is also employed in the treatment 
of serpent bites, and used internally in cases of nausea; G. Lingua," 
which has the reputation of curing malignant fevers, and inward 
inflammation; in India, G. esculenta,’ of the Circar Mountains, 
which has a bitter, purgative root, and edible leaves. The Pangiee, 
so nearly allied to the Papayads by their organization, are still more 

1 Rox., op. cit., iii. 16; Fl. Ind., iii. 834.— 
JACK, in Hook. Bot. Misc., i. 289.— DC. 
Prodr., n. 2.—Moon, Cat. Pl, Ceyl., '70.—Ctos, 
loc. cit., 216. 
2 Luér., Stirp., 59, t. 30, 31—Lamr., JU, 
t. 826.—DC., Prodr., n. 1.—Ctos, loc. cit., n. 
8.—O1xv., Pl. Trop. Afr., i. 120,—Stigmarota 
africana Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (ed. 1790), 634. 
—Alamoton Fuac., Hist. Madag., 124. 
3 Roxs., ex W., Spec., iv. 830; Fl. Ind., 
iii. 884.—DC., Prodr., n. 5.—CLos, loc. cit., 216, 
n. 2.—Stigmarota Jcngomas Lour., loc. cit.— 
Roumea Jangomas SPRENG., Syst., ii. 632. 
4 Xylosma orbiculatum KoRsT, or My- 
roxylon orbiculatum Forst. (Char. Gen., 63), 
owes its name to its balsamic odour, which is 
said to be rather agreeable. 
5 BENN., Pl. Jar. Rar., 192.—Neumannia 
theaformis A. Ricu., Fl. Cub., 96, not.—CLos, 
in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 4, viii. 271, 273.—H. 
By., in Dict. Encycl. Sc. Méd., v. 644.— 
Prockia theaformis W., Spec., ii, 1214.—DC., 
Prodr., i. 261, n. 5.—Ludia heterophylla Bory, 
Voy., ii, 115, t. 24, 
6 Jacq., Amer., 170, t. 183, fig. 72.—Sw., 
F1. Ind. Occ., 989, t. 17.—Lamx., JUL. t. 483, 
fig. 2.—DC., Prodr., ii. 53, n. 1.—Turp., in 
Dict. Se. Nat., Atl., t. 244.—ROsENTH., op. cit., 
666.— ? Racoubea guianensis AUBL., Guian., ii. 
590, t. 236. 
7 RosENTH , op. cit., 662. 
8 Casearia adstringens MART., ex ROSENTH., 
op. cit., 663. 
9 Anavinga ovata LaMK., Dict., i. 148.— 
Anavinga Rurrp., Hort. Malab., iv.t. 49.— 
Casearia ovata W., Spec., ii. (1799), 629.— 
DC., Prodr., iii. 49, n. 5.— C. Anavinga 
Pers., Syn., i. 485 (1805).—ROSENTH., op. cit., 
663. 5 
10 Casearia ulmifolia Vauu. (ex VENT., Ch. 
de Pl., n. 47, not.).— DC., Prodr., n. 13.— 
A.S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., ii. 233.—LinDz., Fl. 
Med., 104 (vulg. Marmeleiro do mato). 
N Mart, ex A. S. H., loc. cit., 236 (vulg. 
Cha de frade, Lingua de fin). 
12 Casearia esculenta Rox8., Cat, Hort. Cale., 
99.—Linpu., Veg. Kingd., 331 (vulg. Garu- 
goodoo). 
