314 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
cated. Stamens 6 (Valentinia') —w ; filaments with squamules same 
in number, alternate elongate, glabrous or villous, connate to greater 
or less height between themselves and with base of perianth, some- 
times short and connate at base round antheriferous filaments 
(Buguidonia) ; anthers introrse, apex sometimes penicillate. Germen 
free, l-locular; placentas parietal, 3-6, 2- -ovulate; style short, 
capitate, stigmatiferous undivided at apex (Zroucana Pitumba,’ 
Valentinia), or at greater or less height 3-fid (Piparea,‘ Crateria’), 
sometimes large subpeltate (Zwe/ania'). Fruit subbaccate pulpous 
(Iroucana, Zuelania), almost dry (Crateria) or dry (Pitumba), at a 
greater or less height 4-valved ; valves seminiferous at middle, some- 
times boat-shaped (Piparea). Seed oblong or angular ; aril fleshy ; 
embryo albuminous; cotyledons flat, oblong or orbicular; radicle 
straight, terete. —Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, 2-stichous, 
entire, serrate or subspinose-dentate, usually coriaceous, pellucid- 
punctuate or lineolate, more rarely impunctuate (Piparea) ; petiole 
articulate at base; stipules 2, linear, often small; flowers’ solitary, 
axillary, usually in umbels (false) or axillary cymes; pedicels arti- 
culated, bracteolate ; bracts sometimes (Anavinga) connivent round 
flowers in involucel (47 Trop. and Subtrop. Regions). 
12. Osmelia Tuw.’—Flowers nearly of Gwidonia, 4, 5-merous ; 
sepals much imbricated. Stamens 8-10, inserted with scales, same 
in number, oblong, villous, alternate. Gynæceum free ; germen lanu- 
ginose, l-locular; placentas 3, parietal, pauciovulate ; styles 3, short 
incurved, capitellate stigmatiferous at apex. Capsule subcoriaceous, 
3-valved. Seeds few; testa membranous ; aril fleshy (red) ; embryo 

1 Sw., Prodr., 63 (1797); Fl. Ind. Occ., 689. 
—DC., Prodr., i. 618.—ENDL., Gen., n. 5631, 
2 AUBL., Guian. (1775), i. 385, t. 127.— 
Vareca GÆRTIN., Fruct., i, 290, t. 60. 
3 AuBL., Guian., ii. App., 29, t. 385.—Ana- 
vinga LAMK., I, t. 355.—GÆRIN. F., Fruct., 
li. 240, t. 224.— Melistaurum Forst., Char. 
Gen., 143, t. 72.—Lindleya H. B. K., Nov, 
Gen. et Spec., v. (part.), t. 480 (nec vi. 239).— 
Antigona VELLOZ., Fl. Flum., iv. t. 145. 
4 AuBL., Guian., ii. App. 30, t. 386.— 
GÆRITN. F., Fruct., in. t. 224.—DC., Prodr., i. 
316.—Tr. & Pr, in Ann. Se. Nat., sér. 4, xvii. 
116.—H. By., in Adansonia, x. 252 (Piparea 
gen. forte proprium, ex Pu. loc. cit.). 
5 Pers., Enchir., i. 485.—Chetocrater R. & 
Pav., Prodr., 61, t. 36. 
6 A, Ricu., Fl. Cub., 88, t. 12.— Thiodia 
GnrisEB., Fl. Brit. W.-Ind., 22 (nec BENN.). 
7 Whitish, or virescent, yellow or more rarely 
pink ; often small. 
8 Spee. 75, of which 30 belong to the Old 
World. H. B. K., Nov, Gen. et Spec., v. 366.— 
Campess., in À. S, H. Fl. Bras. Mer., ii, 229.— 
A. Gray, Amer. Expl. Exp, Bot., i. 79.— 
Benru., Fl. Hongkong., 121; Fl. Austral., iii. 
308.—Wiaeut, Zcon., t. 1849.—VENT., Ch. de 
Pl., t. 44,—GriseB., Fl. Brit. W.-Ind., 22.— 
Bu., Mus. Lugd.-Bat., t. 50.—Miq., Fl. Ind.- 
Bat., i. p. ii. 705.—Tr. & Pu, in Ann. Se. 
Nat. sér. 4, xvii. 106 (Casearia) 114 (Zuelania). 
—Watp., Rep., i. 546; ii. 828; v. 406 ; Ann., i. 
197 ; ii. 276 (Casearia). 
9 Enum. Pl. Zeyl.,20.—B. H., Gen., 797, 
n. 2.—Stachycrater Turcz., in Bull, Mose. 
(1858), i, 464. 
