328 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
testa crustaceous, smooth, rugose or aculeate; albumen fleshy ; 
embryo axile; cotyledons flat, elliptical-oblong; radicle terete.— 
Trees or shrubs full of milky juice; trunk often simple, apex 
leafy ; sometimes aculeate or spinose (/acaratia) ; leaves alternate 
petiolate subpeltate palmate or digitate, 5-12-foliolate, more rarely 
oblong, exstipulate; flowers solitary or in axillary or terminal 
cymiferous racemes, sometimes growing from the trunk, ebracteate 
(Trop. America). See p. 289. 

IX. TURNERE. 
39. Turnera L.—Flowers regular, hermaphrodite ; tube (of re- 
ceptacle ?) more or less elongated, cylindrical or obconical ; limb of 
calyx campanulate or subinfundibuliform, 5-partite, imbricated. 
Petals 5, inserted in the throat; claw short, naked or very rarely 
(Erblichia) crowned with short filaments; limb obovate or obcuneate, 
or subspathulate wide, membranous, coloured, in bud contorted, or 
more rarely minute, shorter than calyx, subsepaloid. Stamens 5, 
alternipetalous ; anthers oblong, introrse 2-rimose ; filaments free, 
inserted in the throat, or in the tube, at a greater or less height from 
base to throat, more or less perigynous or subhypogynous (Worm- 
skioldia). Germen free, 1-locular; styles 3, simple or 2-partite 
(Piriqueta), apex stigmatiferous subentire (ZrWlichia), or flabellate, 
2—-5-œ-fid ; ovules on each placenta 2—@, descending; micropyle 
extrorse, superior. Capsule I|-locular, subovoid or oblong, some- 
times siliquiform torulose (Wormskioldia), more or les high valvate ; 
valves inwardly at middle 1--spermous. Seed oblong or cylin- 
drical, slightly curved ; aril membranous ; testa crustaceous, exterior 
foveolate; albumen copious, fleshy; embryo axile; radicle cylin- 
drical ; cotyledons plano-convex.— Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, 
glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose; leaves alternate, petiolate, or 
sessile ; stipules lateral, small, or 0; limb entire, serrate, or pinna- 
tifid, base sometimes 2-glandular ; flowers axillary, solitary, or rarely 
cymose or racemose, sometimes adnate to petiole to greater or less 
height (Zrop. Africa and America). See p. 294. 
