VIOLACE A). 349 
dozen claviform staminodes, united below into a tube with the 
fertile stamens. 
Lavradia (figs. 376, 377), all the species of which are American, 
has five fertile stamens, and around them a sort of disk (staminodes ?) 
in the form of a cylindrical-conical tube enveloping them completely, 
the summit being cut into ten small divisions. 
This small family was distinguished under the name of /7o0/acee, 
in 1805, by Dr Canporrs! Before him Viola had been ranged by 
Apanson’ with Geranium, and with Cistus by Dre Jussinu.* The 
latter knew the types of the regular or subregular flowers of this 
family, such as Rénorea, Conohoria, Paypayrola ; but he classed the 
two first among the Berberidee, and the latter in the Genera incerte 
sedis. In 1824, De Cannot,‘ taking part in the researches of DE 
GINGINS,’ united in the order Violacez,’ the three tribes, Violee, 
Alsodince, and Sauvagee, comprising nine genera, which we have 
preserved as distinct: the first, Corynostylis (Calyptrion), Noisettia, 
Schweiggeria (Glossarrhen), Viola, Hybanthus (Pombalia, Tonidium, and 
Pigea) ; the second, the Rinoreas (Conohoria, Rinorea, Alsodeia, Pen- 
taloba, Ceranthera, Physiphora), Lavradia, and Hymenanthera; the 
third, the single genus Sawvagesia. Since then the old genera 
Paypayrola,’ Amphirrox,* Melicytus and Leonia,” have been collected 
in this family. A. Sarxr-HirarRe established, in 1824, the genus 
Anchietea ; Buumn, the genus Schuurmansia, in 1849. Ultimately, the 
Sauvayesia group was enriched by the type Veckia;" while Asa 
Gray, instituting the two genera Agafea (Agation) and Jsodendrion, 
in 1854, made the eighteen which we can preserve in this family. 
They include about two hundred and fifty species, of which about 
two-fifths belong to the genus /7o/a, and a third to Hybanthus. The 
Violet series contains besides some ten species, distributed among 
the five other genera; and that of the Sawvagesiee about twenty 
species. The other species, more than sixty in number, belong to 
the genera with regular or subregular flowers of the Paypayrola 

1 Fl. Fr., iv. 801. Veg, Kingd., 338, Ord. 116.—Violee R. Br. 
2 Hist. des Pl,, ii. 389. Congo, 440; Mise. Works (ed. BENN.), i. 122. 
3 Gen. (1789), 294. 7 Augz., Guian. (1775). 
* Prodr., i. 287, Ord. 16. 5 SPRENG., Syst., Cur. Post. (1827). 
5 In Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat, Gen., ii. 1. 9 Forsr., Char. Gen. (1776). 
6 Violariee GinG., loc. cit.—BarTrz., Ord. 10 R. & Pav., Fl. Per., ii, (1798).—Envt., 
Vat,, 283.— Enpu., Gen., 908, Ord. 190.—  Gen., 738 (? Myrsineæ). 
B. H., Gen., 114, Ord. 15.—Violacee J.,in Ann. 1 Korvu., in Ned, Kruidk. Arch., i. (1839). 
Mus., xviii. 476.—Lanvt., Syn., 35 ; Introd., 46; 
