350 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
series. In this the three genera Paypayrola, Amphirrox, and 
Leonia are American; the three genera, Lsodendrion, Melicytis, and 
Hymenanthera axe only found in Oceania. Among the Savvagesiee, 
the two genera Schuurmansia and Necfia belong to the Indian Archi- 
pelago ; Lavradia and Sauvagesia, except one species, are confined to 
America. As to the Violets, the two large genera Viola and 
Hybanthus are found in all parts of the world ; but the Agations are 
all from Oceania, and America alone possesses the genera Anchietea, 
Schweiggeria, Corynostylis, and Noisettia. The general characters of 
these three series of this family, are the following :— 
I. Paypayrotea.—Flowers regular or slightly irregular, with free 
petals often formed into a tube. Androceum isostemonous, without 
staminodes. Loculicidal capsule or berry. 
IT. Viorxzæ.—Flowers irregular, isostemonous. 
gular, without staminodes. Capsule loculicidal. 
III. Sauvacesieæ.'— Flowers irregular. Corolla polypelatous. 
Stamens fertile, same in number as the petals. Staminodes interior 
petaloid, five in number, free or united in a tube, and accompanied 
outwardly by a number of fertile narrow glandular staminodes. 
Androceum irre- 
Capsule septicidal. 
By the last series, the /7olacee are closely connected with Oc4- 
naceæ by the Luxemburgia series, from which we shall see how 
difficult it is to distinguish them clearly. On the other hand, we 
are scarcely able to distinguish the regular /o/acee with fleshy fruit 
from the isostemonous Sivacee.” The mode of placentation is the 
same; but the Violacee are never perigynous, as most of the Bivacee 
with isostemonous androceum are. The Cistacee differ from the 
regular /7olacee by the form of their embryo and the usual direction 
of their radicle with regard to the micropyle. It is only by the genera 
with irregular corolla, and anterior petal prolonged in a sac or spur, 
that the /7o/acee are clearly distinguished from neighbouring families.‘ 
1 Barti., Ord. Nat., 289.—ENDL, Gen. 
912, Ord. 191.—Sauvagee DC. loc. cit. — 
Sauvagesiaceæ MART., Consp., n. 238 (1835).— 
Linpz., Veg. Kingd., 343, Ord. 119. 
pissime in annulum dispositis distinguendæ, ple- 
ræque flore plus minus irregulari, antheris ap- 
pendiculatis, capsula elastica, ete., insignes.” 
(B.H., Gen., 115.) 
? Thus Zetrathylacium, ranged by Triana & 
PLANCHON among the Bixaceæ, has been attri- 
buted by Bent. & Hook, (Gex., 119, n. 14) 
tothe Violacee. Piperea or Guidonia has also 
been frequently reckoned among the Violacee, 
3 « Violarieæ, Bixineis arcte affines, imprimis 
andræcio 5-mero, antheris introrsum adnatis sx- 
4 A. Sr.-HILAIRE again has connected Sauva- 
gesieæ with Frankenieæ, but this connexion is 
not generally admitted. “ Tribus Sauvagesia- 
rum Frankeniaceis accedit, sed facile sepalis 
liberis imbricatis, habitu aliisque notis distin- 
guitur.” (B. H., doe, cit.). 
