NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
urticefolius,. strictus,? verticillatus, parviflorus,’ circeoides,’ bicolor,® 
albus,’ guaraniticus,> setigerus, scariosus,° indecorus," although less 
known, are so many species described as belonging to the genus 
Jonidium, and which, possessing qualities more or less decidedly 
emetic, are employed, like the false or white Ipecacuanhas, in the 
hottest regions of America. In Madagascar 77. duaifolivs,” and in 
Asia ZT. heterophyllus® and suffruticosus,* are said to yield_similar 
drugs. The European and Amerian Violets have similar virtues, 
and the roots of Viola odorata” (figs. 352, 363-366) and those of 
V. canina,' sylvestris,” palmata,* &e., were formerly used as emetics. 
In Brazil, V. cerasifolia,® gracillima,” longifora,” subdimidiata,” &e., 
are employed like Hybanthus. Other emetic properties are found in 
Noisettia longifolia® of Cayenne, and in Anchiefea salutaris* of South 
Brazil. Sai?-Hivatree says that it is not on account of the Europeans, 
and because of the botanic analogy with our Violets, that the natives 
of Brazil have learned to know the virtue of this plant, the culti- 
vators of which round Rio Janeiro value the root as purgative, and 

1 I. urticefolium Manrt., loc. cit. t. 4, 9, 
figs. 17, 18. Used as an emetic in Brazil. 
2 Viola stricta Portr., Dict., viii. 648. 
Tonidium striclum VENT. Malmais., n. 27, not., 
DC., Prodr., n. 9. A species of the Antilles. 
3 Viola verticilla'a ORTEG., Dec., iv. 50.— 
Solea verticillata SPRENG., in Schrad. Journ., 
ii. (1800), 190, t. 6.—TLonidium polygalæfolium 
VENT., Malmais., t. 27.—DC., Prodr.,n. 13.— 
H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec., v. 376, t. 496, 
of Mexico and the Antilles, 
4 Viola parviflora Mur. (ex L. FIL., Suppl., 
306).—Tonilium parviflorum VENT. loc. cit., 
27.—DC., Prodr., n. 20.—ROSENTH., op. cit., 
660, (Peru (?) and Columbia); the white /peca- 
cuanha of Peru is attributed to it. It has 
sometimes been attributed to the root of Cu- 
chunchully, 
5 Tonidium circeæoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Spec, v. 379, t. 498,—DC., Prodr., n. 18 
(Guayaquil). 
6 ALS. H., Pl. Rem. Brés., 301. 
7 A. S. H., ex Rosentn., op. cit, 661. 
8 A. S. H., ex Rosentu., loc. cit. 
9 VENT. ex ROSENTH., Loc, cil. 
10 À. S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., ii. 144. 
M Avcording to A. S. H. (41. Bras. Mer,, ii, 
145), ofa var. I. Ipecacuanha. 
12 Viola buxifolia Porr., Dict., vii, 646. 
—Tonidium buxifolium Venv., loc. cit.—Dv., 
Prodr., n. 6. * 
1% Polygala frutescens Burm. Fl. Zeyl., 
195, t. 35? Jonidium heleroplyllum VENY., loc. 
cil.—DC., Prodr., n. 5 (China, Ceylon), 

M Viola suffruticosa Rovu., Nov. Spec., 165. 
—Tonidium ?  suffruticosum GING., mss, (ex 
DC., Prodr., n, 24). 
15 See p. 343, note 3. 
16 L., Spec., 1324 (part.).—DC., Prodr., i, 
208, n. 44—GREN. & Gopr., Fl. de Fr., i. 
17.—Linou., Fl. Med. 97.—Gu18., op. cit., 
664. 
7 DC., Fi. Fr., ii. 689.—Reicus., Ic. Fl. 
Germ., t. 4503.— V. sylvatica KR., Fl. Hall. 
61,.—GreEn. & Gopr., loc. cit., 178. 
18 L., Spec., 1823.—DC., Prodr., n. 2. Used 
as Ipecacuanha in N. America.— V’. suavis Bres., 
anbigua WALDST. & Kir, campestris Bres., 
mirabilis L., collina Buss., pedata Li, (digitata 
PursH), pubescens AIT. enneasperma L., &e., 
have the same reputation in various parts of 
Europe and N. America. (See Mfr. & DE, 
Dict, Mat. Méd., vi, 200,—ROSENTIH., op, cit., 
659). 
19 À. S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., ii, 136, n. 3. 
20 A.S. H., loc. cit., n. 1. 
21 L., Mantiss., 120. 
22 A. S. Hz, loc: cit., n. 2. 
#3 H. B. K., Nov, Gen. et Sprc., v. 382, t. 
499.— Do., Prodr., i. 290, n. 1.—ROSENTH., 
op. cit, 661.—Viola longifolia Poir.,, Dict., 
viii, G49.—Tonidium longifolium Ram, & Scr., 
Syst., v. 398. 
24 A, S. H., Pl. Us. Bras., t. 20; Pl. Rem., 
290; Fl. Bras. Mer., ii. 140.—ROSENTH., op. 
cit., G61.—H, By., in Dict. Æacycl. des Se. 
Meéd., iv. 299.—Noisetlia pyrifulia Marr, 
