VIOLACEÆ. 353 
as curing chronic skin affections. rorea presents but slightly 
different properties. 22. castaneefolia,’ Cuspa” and physiphora of 
South America, are regarded as bitter and astringent; their bark is 
a febrifuge. The leaves of Z?. physiphora (figs. 8358-362) are eaten 
as a vegetable. Sauvagesia erecta’ (figs. 370-375) is the Herbe Saint- 
Martin of the inhabitants of French Guiana;’ it is used as mucila- 
ginous and astringent in cases of ophthalmia and diarrhoea. In the 
Antilles it is employed as a diuretic and antiphlogistic, especially in 
affections of the urinary channels and of the digestive tube. Our 
common Violets and Pansies are considered depurative ; they are par- 
ticularly recommended for skin affections. They contain violine, 
an alkaline principle, bitter, acrid, nauseous, and even poisonous.° 
L Herbe de la Trinité, or Viola tricolor’ (figs. 367-369), and its variety 
arvensis, better known by the name of wild Pansy, is always used in 
preparing purifying drinks.’ A large quantity of Violet flowers are 
consumed in Europe, which often comprise, besides those of 7. odo- 
rata, those of V. canina, sylvestris, hirta,’ tricolor, &e. The seeds of 
V. odorata ave purgative, and formerly formed part of double catho- 
licon ; its petals are laxative, and are sometimes given to children as 
an aperient.” They are especially valued for the dye and coloured 
syrup prepared from them, and formerly used as reagents of acids 
and alkalies in the chemist’s laboratory; still more so for their 
delicious perfume, on account of which they are much prized for 
making bouquets, for the extraction of a precious essence, the 
preparations of bonbons, aromatic pastes, and slightly pectoral 

1 Alsodeia castaneæfolia SPRENG. (ex Ro- 
SENTH., op. cit., 661).—Cohonoria castaneæ- 
folia A. S. H. 
? Alsodeia 
Cuspa H. B. K, 
3 Alsodeia physiphora KR. Br, in Herb, 
Binks; Congo, 21. — Conohoria Lobolobo 
A. S. H.—Physiphora levigata SOLAND., in 
Herb. Banks.—DC., Prodr., i, 314. 
4 L., Spec., 241 (nec SPRENG.) — Jaca, 
Amer., T7, t. 51, fig. 3.—W., Spec., i. 1155.— 
R. & Pay., Fl. Per., iii. 11.—H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Spec., v. 389.—A. S. H., Pl. Rem. 
Brés., 63, t.3 a; in Mém. Mus., iii. 215; xi, 
102.--DC., Prodr., i. 315, n. 2.—Linpx., Fl, 
Med., 99 ; Veg. Kingd., 343.—ExDz., Enchirid., 
479. — ROSENTH., op. cit., 663.— S. Adyma 
AUBL., Guian., t. 100.—S. nutans PERS.—S, 
peruviana Ram. & Scu., Syst. v. 437. 
5 It seems to bear the same name in Peru. 
MOTMINE 
Cuspa  SPRENG. — Cohonoria 
It is also the Adima of the Galibes and the 
Yoaba of the Caribbees. 
5 BouLLay, in Mém. Acad. Méd., i. 417.— 
Mfr. & Det., Dict. Mat. Méd., vi. 905. 
7 See p. 343, not. 2. Linpz., F1. Med., 97.— 
A. Ricu., Elém., éd. 4, ii. 71.—Guis., Drog. 
Simpl., éd. 6, iii, 665.—Moa., Bot. Méd., 38, 
fig. 6.—Rév., in Bot. Méd. du xix* Siècle, iii. 
40, t. 3. 
8 The Pansies have hitherto been considered 
as alexipharmic, and in the United States it is 
said VW, ovata Nur. (Gen., i. 148; DC. 
Prodr., n. 13), is a remedy for bite of the rattle- 
snake, 
9 L., Spec., 1324.—SM., Fl. Brit., 244,— 
DC., Prodr., n. 25.—RosENTH., op. cit., 658. 
1 The bruised leaves of several Violas, espe- 
cially Viola tricolor, have the odour of peach- 
stones ; whence the tolerably widely-spread idea 
that they contained eyanbydric acid. 
AA 
