358 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
trees or rigid bushes; branches sometimes spinescent at apex ; 
leaves alternate or fasciculate, usually small, entire or denticulate ; 
stipules minute or caducous ; flowers axillary, solitary or in few- 
flowered cymes; pedicels short, 2- or few-bracteolate' (dustraha, 
New Zeyland’). 

II. VIOLEZÆ. 
8. Viola T.—Flowers irregular; receptacle slightly convex. 
Sepals 5, subequal, base produced beyond insertion, imbricated. 
Petals unequal, dissimilar, imbricated; inferior usually larger, 
regular, above base calcarate or variously saccate. Stamens 5, alter- 
nipetalous; anthers equal, 2-locular, introrse longitudinally rimose ; 
connective produced beyond cells in membrane; filaments short or 
very short, membranous; 2 anterior at base anteriorly calcarate. 
Germen free, L-locular; placentas 3 (2 anterior, 1 posterior), 
#-ovulate; ovules anatropous; style above clavate and variously 
dilated, more or less recurved; dilatation inwardly stigmatiferous, 
and anterior side of varied form, open. Capsule elastic, longitudi- 
nally dehiscing. Valves 3, inwardly seminiferous at middle. Seeds 
#, ovoid or globose; testa crustaceous, usually nitid, at hilum 
minutely arillate; albumen fleshy; embryo straight, axil albu- 
minous, subequal.—Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent; leaves alter- 
nate, base furnished with 2 stipules, often foliaceous wide persistent ; 
flowers (often 2-morphous, fructiferous ones asepalous or crypto- 
petalous), axillary, usually solitary; peduncle 2-3-bracteolate 
(Temp. regions of N. Hemisphere, Mount. S. America, N. Zealand, South 
Africa). See p. 343. 
9. Hybanthus Jacq.’—Flowers nearly of Viola; sepals not pro- 
duced at base. Anterior petals larger than others, slightly above 

) Nearly related to Gen. Welycitus (might be 
a section of it). 
? Spec. 4. Hoox. F., Fl. Tasman., i. 27; Fl. 
N.-Zel., i. 17, t, 7.—Bentu., Fl. Austral., i. 
104.— Bot. Mag., t. 3163.—Watr., Rep, i. 
225; ii. 767; Ann., vii. 220. 
3 Amer., 77, t. 175, figs. 24, 25 (1763).— 
Nercx., Elem., n. 1386 (1790).—DC., Prodr., i. 
311.—Calecolaria Lart., It. Hisp. (1758), 183 
(nee FEUILL.).—Pombalia VANDELL., Fase., 7, 
t. 1 (1771).—DC., Prodr., i. 306.—Tonidium 
Vent., Jard. Malmais., t. 27 (1803).—DC., 
Prodr., i. 807.—SpacH, Suit. à Buffon, v. 519. 
ENDL., Gen., n. 5041.— PAYER, Fam. Nat., 
108.—A, Gray, Gen, Iil., t. 82.—B. H., Gen., 
117, 970, n.6.—Solea GING., in DC. Prodr., i. 
306.—A. Gray, op. cit, t. 81—Pigea DC. 
Prodr., i. 807.— Vlamingia DE VRIESE, in Pl. 
Preiss., i, 398. 

