VIOLACEZ. 359 
base gibbous or subsaccate. Stamens 5, free or more or less connate 
or coalescing ; filaments short, or more or less elongated, sometimes 
linear; 2 anterior, or rarely 4, outwardly calcarate at base, gibbous 
or glanduliferous ;' connective produced in membrane beyond cells. 
Germen of Viola; style recurved-clavate at apex, anteriorly stigma- 
tiferous. Capsule sometimes crustaceous, elastically 3-valved ; seeds 
ovoid-globose ; testa crustaceous. Other characters of 7o/a.—Herbs, 
sometimes suffrutescent or erect shrubs ; leaves alternate, sometimes 
opposite; stipules usually small; flowers axillary pedunculate, soli- 
tary or fasciculate, sometimes in terminal racemes (A// Tropical 
regions’). 
10? Agation An. Br.i—Flowers nearly of Hysanthus ; sepals 5, 
subequal, not produced at base, deciduous. Petals unequal ; ante- 
rior larger, labelliform, narrow at base and below gibbous saccate. 
Stamens 5, free ; filaments free, coalescing at margin; superior often 
finally free ; 2 anterior outwardly below apex furnished with short 
recurved glands; anthers introrse, apex mucronulate; connective 
produced beyond cells in petaloid lamina. Germen free ; placentas 
3, œ-ovulate; style thickened at apex recurved, anteriorly stigma- 
tiferous. Capsule crustaceous-ligneous ; valves 3 inwardly semini- 
ferous at middle. Seeds m, compressed-winged, unequally 3, 4- 
angular,’ imbricated ; albumen often thin; embryo wide, radicle 
cylindrical ; cotyledons flat, unequally sub-3-angular or obovate.— 
Sarmentose shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate; stipules 
minute or caducous; flowers in compound racemes, axillary and 
terminal; pedicels articulate, 2-bracteolate’ (W. Caledonia, and Fiji 
Islands’). 

1 Glands sometimes coalescing in 1 entire or 2 
lobes (in Solea and Euhybanthus). 
2 Spec. 40, of which 4 are African, 5 or 6 
Australian, others of N. and S. America. AUBL., 
Guian., te» 318 (Viola).— ¥orst., in Trans. 
Linn. Soe., vi. 309, t. 28 (Viola).—H. B. K., 
Nov. Gen. et Spec., v. 385, t. 494 (Hybanthus). 
—A. S. H,, Pl. Us: Brasi, t. 9 VW; 20;0Pr 
Rem., t. 27.—A. Gray, Unit. St. Expl. Exp. 
Bot., i. 87 (Ionidium); Man., ed. 5, 76 (Solea).— 
Caarm., Fl. S. Unit.-St., 34 (Solea)—C. Gay, 
Fl. Chil; i. 227 (Lonidium).— Miq., in Linnea, 
xxii. 355.—Hary. & Sonp., Fl. Cap., i. 74 
(lonidiun). — Bentau., Fl. Austral. i. 101 
(Lonidium). — OuvEm., Viol, 6 (Ionidium).— 
Tux, in Ann. Se. Nut., sér. 5, ix. 300.—Tr. & 
PL., in Ann. Se. Nat., sér. 4, xvii. 124 (Loni- 
dium).—Turez., in Bull. Mosc. (1863), i. 556 
(Tonidium), — Tuw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl., 21 
(Lonidium). — Oxxv., Fl. Trop. Afr., i. 105 
(Zonidium).—Kt., in Pet. Mossamb., Bot., 148 
(Zonidium).—Grisrs., F1. Brit. W.-Ind., 26; 
Cat. Pl, Cub. 11 (Zonidium).— Hook. Fr. & 
Tuoms., Fl. Brit. Ind., i. 185 (Lonidium).— 
Watp., Rep., i. 221; ii. 767; v. 55; Ann., i. 
68 : ii, 67; iv. 234; vii. 217 (onidium). 
3 In Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fv., viii. 79; in Ann. 
Se. Nat., sér. 5, i. 346.—B. H., Gen., 118, 0. 
7.—Agatea A. Gray, Unit. St, Expl. Exp. 
Bot., i. 89, t. 7. 
4 Testa, as affirmed, crustaceous on internal 
face, and there separating, “nigra et ad faciem 
internam membranacea.” 
5 Gen. scarcely distinct from Pombalia, but 
differing by winged seeds. 
5 Spee. 2, 3. Waxzr., Ann., vii. 218. 
