dd NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
phylla, chortophila, Cerefolium,’ Coleonema album (figs. 416-420), 
pulchrum (fig. 421), juniperifolium and Diosma vulgaris’ and succu- 
lenta Our common Dictamnus’ is also an aromatic stimulant, and 
tonic plant. So large is the quantity of volatile essence contained 
in the glandular reservoirs, that in warm weather it ignites when 
brought in contact with a lighted candle.’ The Zanthorylee are also 
essentially aromatic plants; but besides the essential oil, they con- 
tain a resin and a bitter crystalline principle, formerly called 
æanthopicrite, which modifies their properties a little. Zanthovylum 
Sraxineum™ (figs. 433-438) has a bark whose flavour, finally very 
acrid, excites salivation ; it is employed as antirheumatismal, sudorifie, 
and diuretic, and as a remedy for toothache. The bark of the yellow 
Zanthoxylon Clava Herculis (Fr., Clavelier) of the Antilles,” is more 
bitter and acrid; it recalls very much the Azgos{ura bark, from 
which it differs especially by the presence of a certain yellow colour- 
ing matter, abounding in several species of the genus, which makes 
them prized as tinctorials. 
fuge and tonic. 
are still more aromatic. 
It has been recommended as a febri- 
Most species of Zanthoæylon of the section Fagara 
Their bark, and particularly their fruits, 
have a burning, peppery taste, which makes them valued as spice. 
Such are Z. carolinianum Wamx., heterophyllum LamK., <Avicenne 

1G, F. W. Mey., Bartz. & WENDL., loc. 
cit, 173.—Harv. & Sonv., Fl. Cap., i. 423, 
n. 60. 
2 Eoxz. & Zeyn., Enum. 914.—Harv. & 
SonD., Fl. Cap., i. 435, n. 90.—A. cyminoides 
Ecxz. & Zryu., loc. cit., 916. 
3 Barri. & WENDL., loc. cit., 159.—Harvy. 
& Sonp., Fl. Cap., i. 424, n. 62.—A. Bart- 
lingana Eoxu. & Zuyu., Enum., 898 (part.).— 
Diosma cerefolia VENT, Jard. Malmais., t. 
93.—Bucco cerefolium Ram, & SCH. loc. cit., 
439. 
4 Hoox., in Bot. Mag., t. 3340.—C. gracile 
Ecxz. & Zeyu., loc. cit., 883.—C. virgatum 
Eoxz. & ZEyu.—Diosma calycina Srrup.— 
D. oppositifolia BK. MEx. 
5 Sonp., Fl. Cap, i. 878.— Diosma juni- 
perina SPRENG.—D, Meyeriana STEUD. 
6 ScHLTL., in Linnea, v. 201. — Harv. & 
SonD., Ll. Cap., i, 374.— D, hirsuta L., Spec., 
286.—TuunB., F1.Cap., 222.—-D. oppositifolia 
L., Spec., 286.—D. rubra L., Spec., 287.— 
D. ericoides Sus, in Bot. Mag., t. 2332. 
7 Bera., Pl. Cap., 63.—Tuuns., Fl. Cap. 
224.— D. scabra, LamxK., Dict., ii. 283.— 
D. decussata LAMX., loc. cit., 284. 
8 See p. 383, note 1.— Enpt., Enchirid., 
613.—Guis., Drog. Simpl., éd. 6, iii. 553, 
fig. 727.—RosenTH., Syn. Pl. Diaph., 882 
(vulg. Fraxinelle, Dictamne blanc, D. pourpre, 
Herba Fraxinelle pumile Of.). 
9 Bror, Sur Vinflammat, de la Fraxinelle 
(in Nouv. Ann. Mus., i. 273). This essence 
gives its fragrance to a distilled water used in 
southern countries as a cosmetic. It has been 
employed in most affections of the nerves, 
hysteria, epilepsy, melancholy, &e. The root, 
stripped of its white, rolled bark, forms part 
of several drugs, especially Guttate powder, 
In Siberia, the leaves are used in preparing a 
stimulating infusion similar to tea. 
10 This substance has been recognised as 
identical with berberine. (Dyson-PERRINS, in 
Trans. Chem. Soc. (1862), ex Pharm. Jowrn., 
ser. 2, iv. 403). 
N See p. 396, note 1. GurB., Drog. Simpl., 
éd. 6, iii. 559.—B1GEL., Med, Bot., iii. t. 59.— 
Linpu., Fl. Med., 216.—BENTL., in Pharm, 
Journ., iv. 494. (Vulg. Bois. épineux jaune, 
Prickly Ash, Toothache Tree, of America, 
2 Z, caribeum LAMx., Dict., ii. 40 (nec 
GÆRTN.), — DESCOURT., Fl, Ant. ii, 58.— 
? Z. carolinianum GÆRTN., Fruct., i. 333, t. 
68.—Z, Clava Herculis DC., Prodr., i. 727 
(nec L.).—Linvn., Fl. Med., 216.—Z, Ele- 
phantiasis MACFAD., Jam., i. 193. 
