446 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
F.. hortensis,' in Polynesia, and Z lalifolia in the Moluceas, serve 
as tonics and vulneraries. It is said that the fruit of Z rutecarpa’ 
is purgative. Several species of Acronychia, particularly 4. pedun- 
culata, are used in Asia and tropical Oceania as aromatic, tonic anti- 
rheumatical drugs. P/elea trifoliata’ (figs. 445, 446), a shrub of N. 
America, frequently cultivated in Europe, has leaves which, when 
bruised, give a strong, not very agreeable, odour; they pass as 
vermicidal, and are used in the treatment of ulcers of a bad nature. 
The fruits have an aromatic, bitter flavour; they are sometimes 
substituted for hops in making beer, but not without danger. 
The Cusparieæ series contains a good number of species used as 
bitter tonic drugs and as febrifuges in their native country, which 1s 
Equinoctial America. The most celebrated is that furnishing the 
true Angostura bark, which ought to take the name of Galipea febri- 
juga’ This fragrant bark, greyish or yellowish outwardly, more or 
less fawn-coloured within, contains a bitter crystallizable principle 
(cusparin) ; it has been compared, on account of its properties, to the 
cinchonas, and is perhaps as good a stomachic and digestive as they, 
but very inferior as a febrifuge.  Ticorea febrifuga and jasminifiora 
(figs. 409-413), Hortia brasiliana,” Monniera trifolia,” and Zsenbeckia 

1 Forst., Char. Gen., t. 7.—ROSENTEH., op. 
cit., 879.—Fagara Evodia L. FIL. 
2 DC, Prodr, i. 725, n. 1.— Ampacus 
latifolia RuUMPH., Herb. Amboin., ii, 186. 
3 Boymia rutæcarpa <A. Juss., in Mém, 
Mus., xii. 507, t. 25, fig. 39.—Sies. & Zucc., 
Fil. Jap., i. 50, t. 21.—RosExTH., op. cit., 876 
(vulg. Go-sju-ju). 
4 Ainst., Mat. Med. Ind., ii. 
Rosrnvu., op. cit., 877. 
5 Cyminosma pedunculata DC. Prodr., i. 
722. — Jambolifera L., Fl. Zeyl., 58. — J. 
pedunculata Vaut, Symb., 52, t. 61.—Perin- 
panel RuEED., Hort. Malab.,v. 15 ?—GÆRTN., 
Fruct., i. 281, not. (vulg. Jamboianen, Jambo- 
bohnen). 
6 L., Spec., 173.—Dirr., Lith. t. 122.— 
Mitu., Icon., t. 211.—D°., Prodr., ii. 82.— 
DunamM., Arbr., t. 43.—Turp., in Dict. Se. 
Nat., Atl., t. 128.—Linpt., Fl. Med., 215.— 
Rosentu., op. cit., 877.—BENTL., in Pharm. 
Journ., iv. 498 (vulg. Orme à trois feuilles, O. 
de Scmarie, Trèfle de Virginie). P. pen- 
taphylla Mawcu (Haus., iii, 242), a variety of 
the preceding, has the same properties. 
7 G. Cusparia À. 8. H. (ex DC., Prodr., i. 
(1824), 731) ; Fl. Bras. Mer., i. 87.—MEr. & 
Dez., Dict. Mat. Méd., i. 300; vii. 46. — 
Pereira, Elem. Mat. Med., ed. 4, ii, p. ii. 401. 
S06 — 
—GuiB., Drog. Simpl., éd. 6, iii. 535, fig. 728. 
—H. Bn., in Dict. Encyel. Se. Méd., v. 124.— 
Cusparia febrifuga H.B., Tabl. Géogr., (1799).— 
Bonplandia trifoliata W.,in Act, Berol, (1802), 
24.— Angostura Cuspare Ram, & Scu., Sysé., 
iv. (1819), 188. G. officinalis (HaAnc., in 
Trans. Med.-Bot. Soc. (1829), 25, t. 2;— 
Linpt., loc. eit., 211), furnishing the Angostura 
bark, and which I believe to have seen, seems 
nothing else but a form or variety of the pre- 
ceding plant. 
8 A. S. H., Pl. Rem. Brés., 142.—LrNpt., 
Fl. Med., 212.— Gui, loc. cit, 557 (vulg. 
Tres folhas brancas). 
9 A.S. H., in Bull. Soc. Phil. (1823), 132; 
Pl. Rem. Brés., 141, t. 14.—Linvu., Fl. Med., 
212.—RosENTH., op. cit., 879. A decoction of 
the leaves of this plant is considered in Brazil as 
a cure for the affection called Frambesia, or 
Batas by the Portuguese. 
10 VANDELL., in Rem. Script. Bras., 188.— 
DC., Prodr., i. 732.—RoSENTH., op. cit., &80 
(vulg. Quina do campo). 
1 L., Spec, 986.—AUBL, Guian., 730, t. 
293.—DC., Prodr., i. 730.—ROSENTH., op. cit., 
879, — Jaborandi Marcer., Bras., 36 (vulg. 
Alfavaca de cobra). Also used as a diuretic 
and expectcrant. 
