448 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
Venezuela, Costa Rica, and in the north of Brazil, as a febrifuge 
and alexipharmic. The powder of the cotyledons, known under the 
name of Noir de Cedron (Cedron Nut), and which is sometimes sold 
at a high price, is used in treating the bites of serpents. Some con- 
sider it an invaluable specific in this case,’ while others deny that it 
has any such virtues. It seems certain that in alleviating attacks 
of fever it is much inferior to cinchona, and is only useful as a 
tonic, like the other Qwassieæ and Simarubee. Brucea antidysenterica® 
(fig. 437), an Abyssinian species, and B. swmatrana,’ are also powerful 
tonics and bitters. The Zariris are the same in Tropical America. 
T. pentandra' of Jamaica has been extolled as a stomachic and febri- 
fuge. 7. ciliata’ of Brazil has been used in the same way as cinchona 
and cascarilla. 7. Antidesma is used in Cuba as astringent and 
antisyphilitic. All these plants have a very bitter bark, less so 
however than Rea amarosis of Rumpnivs,’ an excellent tonic, valued 
as a remedy in diarrhoea, fever, and cholera, and which is Sou/amea 
amara® (figs. 491, 492); we may doubtless observe the same qua- 
lities in the numerous species of the genus found in New Caledonia.’ 
Castela Nicholsoni® passes in the Antilles as being as bitter as Quassia. 
In Ai/antus" the bitterness is less decided, especially in the leaves, 
and gives place to a nauseous flavour. 4. glandulosa” (figs. 469-471), 
a native of Temperate Asia, introduced into Europe in 1751 by 
P. D'INCARVILLE, now cultivated in many countries, where it is very 

1 Hoox., in Pharm, Journ., x. 344,—Sar- 5 Picramnia ciliata Mart, ex ROSENTH., loc. 
FRAY, in Zour du Monde, xxiv. 10,—TR., in 
Ann, Sc. Nat., sér. 5, xv. 357. 
2 Mitt., Fase., t. 25.—DC., Prodr., ii. 88, 
n. 1—Linpu., Fl. Med., 219.—ROSENTH., op. 
cit, 873.—H. By., in Dict. Encycl. Sc. Nat., 
xi. 174.—B. ferruginea Lufr., Stirp., 19, t. 10. 
— Wooginos BRUCE, Voy. (trad, CASTERA), 
v. 87, t. 48. 
3 Roxs., Fl. Ind.,i. 469.—DC., Prodr., n. 8. 
—H. BN,., loc. cit., n. 2.—Gonus amarissimus 
Lour. — Simaba quassioides (Don, Prodr. 
Fl, Nepal., 248), which is Nima quassioides 
Ham., and which in mountainous India is 
thought to be as powerful a bitter as Quassia. 
(RoyLe, Essay, 8;—Linpu., Fl. Med. 209), 
belong also to the genus Brucea. 
4 Picramnia pentandra Sw., Fl. Ind, Oce., i. 
220,—PL., in Hook. Journ., v. 377.—ROSENTH., 
op. cit, 867. An infusion of this plant is, 
according to DE La Saq@ra, used in Cuba in 
preference to quinine and cinchona in the treat- 
ment of intermittent fevers. 
cit. (vulg. Pao Pereira). 
6 P. Antidesma Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., loc. cit. 
7 Herb. Amboin., ii, 129, t. 41. 
8 LaMx., Dict., i. 449.—DC., Prodr., i. 
335.—Linpu., Fl, Med., 127.—ROSENTH., op. 
cit, 790.—Cardiocarpous amarus RRINW., Syl. 
Pl. Ratisb., ii, 14, — Cardiophora Hindsit 
BENTH., in Hook. Lond. Journ., ii. 216. 
9 Ap, Br. & GR., in Ann. Se. Nat., sér. 5, 
iii, 229. 
10 Hook., in Bot. Misc., i. t. 56.—ROSENTH., 
op. cit., 869 (vulg. Goat Bush). 
1 See H. BN., in Dict. Encycl. Sc, Méd., ii. 
226. à 
2 Ailantus glandulosa DESr., in Act. Acad. 
Par. (1786), 263, t. 8.—Lnér., Stirp., t. 84.— 
DC., Prodr., i, 89.—Rosrnrn., Syn, Pl. 
Diaph., 877.—A. procera SALISB., Prodr., 271. 
—Rhus hypsolodendron Manxncu.— R. Caco- 
dendron Erur.— R. canadense Miu. (vulg. 
Ailanto, Faux Vernis du Japon). 
