RUTACEÆ. 453 
making theriac, Balm of Carmel (J/clisse de Carmes), and antiscor- 
butic syrup.’ It has been used like the root as a febrifuge. Sweet and 
bitter syrup of orange-peel are excellent stomachics ; they are often 
taken as vehicles of ioduret of potassium, and other drugs. These 
rinds were formerly considered as strengthening, and even aphro- 
disiac ; they enter into the composition of various liqueurs, such as 
curaçoa, and different perfumes, such as essence of Portugal. The 
young fruits of the orange tree, or Chinois, are bitter, and prepared 
with sugar and spirits. Feronia and Æyle are considered in India 
and the neighbouring countries as powerful astringent drugs. At 
Malabar, Z. Marmelos is a kind of panacea. An infusion of its 
leaves is said to cure bronchitis and asthma; when pulverized 
they are a remedy for palpitations, melancholy, hypochondria ; 
and the green fruits cure diarrhoea, dysentery, and cholera. The 
seeds, mixed in cement, give great firmness to buildings. The 
fruit is said to be excellent; a beautiful yellow dye is prepared 
from it, and an exquisite perfume is extracted from the pericarp. 
Murraya Kenigii is also a drug much esteemed in the treatment 
of affections of the digestive tube, especially in dysentery. An in- 
fusion of its leaves is prescribed for sickness, and stomach complaints. 
When reduced to powder they are, like the bark, administered 
as a tonic and stimulant ; when fresh, they are served at table, and 
often enter into the composition of curries. MJurraya exotica’ is 
astringent and stimulant; its flowers are used in India in dyeing 
black. They give by distillation a perfumed essence. In Feronia 
elephantum,’ the bruised leaf has a smell of aniseed, very agreeable, 
and much prized by the Indians. From its trunk flows a gum of 
fine quality. Essences of Neroli, extracted from the flowers of the 
Lemon tree, or more usually from those of certain Orange trees, are 

cording to the opinion of Guisourr (Drog. 
Simpl, 64. 6, iii. 621), although it is generally 
wrongly named C, medica. 
1 The essence extracted enters into the 
manufacture of Eau de Cologne and several 
other perfumes. 
2 Corr., in Trans. Linn. Soc., v. 
Roxs., Pl. Coromand., ii. t. 143; Fl. Ind., ii. 
579.—DC., Prodr., i. 538.—Linpt., Fl. Med., 
162.—H. BN., Aurant., 54, in Dict. Ene, Se. 
Méd., ii. 45.—ROsENTH., op. cit., 757.—Cra- 
teva Marmelos L., Spec., 637.—Feronia pel- 
lucida Rorx, Nov. Spec. 384 (vulg. Bilva 
Mahura, Bael of the Indians). 
3 Bergera Kœnigii L., Mantiss., 565. — 
222.— 
DC., Prodr., i. 537, n, 1.—Roxs., PI, Coro- 
mand., ii. t. 112.—Wiaur & ARN., Prodr., i, 
94.—Linpu., Fl. Med., 161.—H. BN., Aurant., 
54; in Dict, Encyl. Se. Diéd., ix. 127. 
4 L., Mantiss., 563.—DC., Prodr., i. 537.— 
H. BN., Aurant., 37,—Chaleas juponica LouR., 
Fl. Cochinch., 332.—Marsus buxifolia SONNER., 
Voy., ii. t. 139. 
5 Corr., in Zrans. Linn. Soc., v.224.—RoOx8., 
Pl. Coromand., ii. t. 141.—DC., Prodr., 1. 588. 
—Enopu., Enchirid., 549.—RosENTH., op, cit., 
757. — Linpu., Fl. Med. 161. — H. by., 
Aurant., 54.—Crateva Valanga Kan. (Vulg. 
Elephant Apple, Wood Apple, Capittha). 
