514 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
late; flowers minute subaxillary, solitary; fructiferous peduncle 
pendulous (Warm Africa, South-West. Asia’). 
116. Peganum L.—Flowers 4—5-merous ; sepals usually foliaceous 
narrow entire or pinnatitid; præfloration subvalvate, slightly imbri- 
cated or open. Petals entire subequal, imbricated or contorted, 
finally patent. Stamens 3 times more than petals inserted round 
usually smooth disk ; filaments dilated at base, sometimes antherless ; 
anthers linear, introrsely 2-rimose. Germens sometimes shortly 
stipitate ; cells 2, 3; ovules «©, inserted at internal angle, oblique 
anatropous ; style erect, sometimes more or less bent, 2, 3-angular- 
carinate; keels papillose stigmatiferous. Fruit subglobose fur- 
nished with base of persistent calyx, usually dry, 2, 3-valved 
(Lupeganum), sometimes baccate, indehiscent (J/alacocarpus) ; endo- 
carp papyraceous, adherent. Seeds o; testa outwardly spongy 
scrobiculate ; albumen fleshy ; embryo curved.—Ramified inodorous 
herbs, not glandular-punctuate, glabrous or pubescent ; stems terete ; 
leaves alternate, entire, irregularly pinnatifid ; stipules lateral se- 
taceous, unequal ; flowers pedunculate, solitary, leaf-opposed (Med. 
Rey. West. Cent. and Trop. Asia, Mexico). See p. 427. 
117. Tribulus T.—Flowers hermaphrodite; receptacle convex. 
Sepals 5, imbricated, deciduous or persistent. Petals same in 
number, imbricated or contorted, deciduous. Stamens 10, 2-seriate, 
of which the 5 alternipetalous longer, outwardly enlarged with gland 
at base; filaments free, naked, inserted below 10-lobed disk ; anthers 
introrse, 2-rimose. Germen superior sessile adpressed, hirtus ; 
cells 5, oppositipetalous, or more rarely 6—12, sometimes æ-locellate 
with oblong or transverse septa ; style filiform or pyramidal, stigma- 
tiferous 5-12-lobed at apex; ovules in each cell 1—o, finally super- 
posed, usually oblique descending; micropyle extrorse superior. 
Fruit of 5-12-cocci; cocci finally solute from sometimes thick 
pyramidal columella, corneous or osseous, dorsally winged, spinose 
aculeate or tuberculate, usually indehiscent; seeds descending, 

1 Spec. 1. S. prostrata. —S. africana R. 281, t.7.—Zygophyllum prostratum THUNB., F1. 
Br., loc. cit—Hary. & Sonp., Fl. Cap. i. Cap., 548 (ex SOND.).— ? Z. lanatum W., Spec., 
366.—Ontiv., Fl. Trop. Afr., i. 288.—Boiss, ii. 564 (doubtfully from R. Br., from woolly 
Fl, Or., i. 916.—Watp., Rep. i. 498.—S. articulation and long filiform style, as described 
orientalis DONE., in Ann, Sc. Nat., sér. 2, iii. by authors).—DC., Prodr,, i. 706, n. 19. 
