58 MAMMALIA. 
that the Ourang-Outang inhabits the most eastern countries 
only, such as Malabar, Cochin China, and particularly the great 
island of Borneo, whence he has been occasionally brought to 
Europe by. the way of Java. When young, and such as he ap- 
pears to uS in his captivity, he isa mild and gentle animal, 
easily rendered tame and affectionate, which is enabled by his 
conformation to imitate many of our actions, but whose intel- 
ligence doesnot appear to be as great as is reported, not much 
surpassing even that of the Dog. Camper discovered, and has 
well described two membranous sacs in this animal which com- 
municate with the glottis, that produce a hoarseness of his voice 
—he was mistaken, however, in imagining that the nails are 
always wanting on his hinder thumbs. 
There is a monkey in Borneo, hitherto known only by his 
skeleton, called the Pongo,(1) which so closely resembles the 
Ourang-Outang in the proportions of all his parts, and by the ar- 
rangement of the foramina, and sutures of the head, that, not- 
withstanding the great prominence of the muzzle, the small- 
ness of thé cranium, and the height of the branches of the lower’ 
jaw, we are tempted to consider him an adult—if not of the 
species of the Ourang-Outang, at least of one very nearlyvallied 
to it. The length of the arms, that of the apophyses of the 
cervical vertebra, and the tuberosity of his calcaneum, may 
enable him to assume the vertical position, and walk upon two 
feet. He is the largest monkey known, and in size is nearly 
equal to Man. , 
Mr J. Harwood, in the Trans. Tan Soc. XV, p: 471, es 
scribes the feet of an ourang, fifteen English inches in length. 
This announces a very great stature in the animal to which 
they belonged, and would have led him to the belief that the 
Pongo is the adult Ourang-Outang, were it not that the skele- 
ton of the Pongo in the College of Surgeons, at London, has 
one lumbar vertebra more than those of the Ourangs. This, 
‘ep 
o 
(1) Audeb. Singes, pl. anat. 2. This name of Pongo, a corruption of Boggo, 
which is given in Africa to the Chimpansé, or to the Mandrill, was applied by 
Buffon to a pretended large species of Ourang-Outang—the mere imaginary pro- 
duct of his combinations. Wurmb, a naturalist of Batavia, has transferred it to 
this animal, which he was the first to describe, and of which Buffon never had 
any idea. See Mem. of the Soc. of Batavia, vol. ii, p. 245. The thought, that it 
might be an adult Ourang, struck me on examining the head of an ordinary’ 
Ourang, whose muzzle pr ojected much more than those of the very young speci- 
mens hitherto described. Idescribed it ina memoir read before the Acad. des 
Sciences in 1818. Tilesius and Rudolphi appear also to haye had it. See the 
Mem. of the Acad. of Berlin, 1824, p. 131. ’ 
