60 MAMMALIA. 
black—lives among the reeds, and climbs to the tops of the 
highest branches of the bamboos, where it_ balances itself by 
its long arms. We might separate from the other Gibbons the 
Siamang. , 
S. syndactila, Raff., Fred. Cuv., pl. 2, (The Siamang) has the 
second and third toes of the hind foot united by a narrow mem- 
brane, the whole length of the first phalanx. It is black—the 
chin and eyebrows red—lives in numerous troops, which are 
led by courageous and vigilant chiefs, which, at sunrise and 
sunset, make the forest ring with the most frightful cries. 
Their larynx has a membranous sac connected with it. 
All the ensuing monkeys of the eastern continent have the liver 
divided into several lobes; the cecum thick, short, and without 
any appendage; the hyoid bone has the form ae a shield. 
Crercorrrnecus, Erxl., partim. 
The long-tailed monkeys(1) have a moderately prominent muz- 
zle (of 60°) ; cheek-pouches; ‘tail; callosities on the buttocks ; the 
last of the inferior molares with four tubercles like the rest. Nu- 
merous species, of every variety of size and colour, abound, in 
Africa, live in troops, and do much damage to the gardens and 
fields under cultivation. They are easily tamed. 
Simia rubra, Gm.; Buff. XIV, 30; Fred. Cuv. 24 (The 
- Patras.) Red fawn colour above, whitish below; a black band 
over the eyes, sometimes surmounted with white—from Sene- 
gal. 
Simia zxthiops, L.; Buff. XIV, 32; Fred. Cuv. 24.% (The 
Collared Mangabey.) A chocolate brown above; below and 
the nape of the neck, whitish ; on the head a cap or coif of a 
lively red; eye-lids white. Buffon says it is from Madagascar, 
‘and Hasselquist from Senegal; and in fact Sonnerat doglares, 
there are no monkeys in Madagascar. . 
Simia fuliginosa, Geoff.; Buff. XIV, 8253 Fred. Cuv. 25. 
(The Mangabey.) A chocolate brown, unghen above, fawn- 
coloured below; eye-lids white. Buffon says it is from Mada- 
gascar, and he believes it to be a variety of the preceding. 
Simia sabea, Lin.; Buff. XIV, 37; Fred. Cuv. 19. (The 
Green Monkey.)(2) It is greenish above, whitish beneath; face 
(1) Cercopithecus, i. e. tailed monkey, a name used by the Greeks. 
(2) Callithriz, Pliny, 1. 8, c. 54, is the name of an Ethiopian Monkey, furnished 
with a beard and a tufted tail, probably the Ouanderow. Buffon arbitrarily applied 
it to this species. * 
