CARNARIA. 119 
species which inhabits the Caspian sea, and the great fresh 
water lakes of Russia and Siberia, but this assertion does not 
appear to be founded on an exact comparison. In fact, the 
European seas contain several Phocz, which have long been 
confounded, some of which are perhaps mere varieties of the 
others. 
Thus, some of them have the back covered with small cloud- 
ed, confluent, brownish spots, on a yellowish ground—PA. his- 
pida, Schreb. 86.(1) These are the most common ones of the 
northern ocean. In others again the ground is dark, traversed 
with undulating lines, which sometimes form rings—Ph. annel- 
lata, Nils., Thienem. pl. ix—xii; Ph. fwitida, Bae &c. 
A species more easily recognised is the 
Ph. groenlandica, and P. oceanica; Eged. Grvaterit fig. A, 
p- 62; Lepechin, Act. Petrop. I, part I, pl. vi—vii; 
Thieneman, pl. xiv—xxi. (The Harp Seal.) Yellowish grey, 
spotted with brown when young, afterwards marked by an ob- 
lique black or brown scarf on each flank; the head of the old 
male is black; length five feet. From the whole north of the’ 
globe. 
Ph. barbata, Fabr.; Thienem. pl. i—iv. (The Bearded Seal.) 
From the North, and surpasses all the preceding ones in its 
size, which is from seven to eight feet; it is grey; browner 
above, with a longitudinal blackish line that forms a sort of 
cross upon thechanfrin. Its mustachios are thicker and stronger 
than the others. 
Ph. leucopla, Thienem. pl. xiii. (The White-nailed Seal.) 
Is of a yellowish grey. 
Ph. lagura, Cuv. (The Hare-tailed Seal.) Has the tail 
white and woolly, &c.(3) 
Srenoruincus, Fred. Cuv. 
Four incisors above, and four or the molars deeply notched 
into three points. 
One species only is see. and that is from the Austral seas 
—Ph. leptoniz, Blain. Size of the barbata; greyish above ; 
yellowish beneath; nails small. 
(1) I suspect we should refer to it the Ph. scopulicola, Thienem. pl. v. 
(2) It is one of those represented by Fr. Cuv. under the name of ** Phoque 
commun.” 
(3) L only wish to mention those species which I consider sufliciently ascertain- 
ed. The long catalogues of the Phoce, recently published, seem to me to multi- 
, ply them a great deal too much. 
4 
R. 
