aon 
172 
MAMMALIA, 
wholly without foundation. The females have very short tusks, 
“fe in this respect, many of the males resemble them. 
E. africanus, Cuy.; Perrault, Mem. pour Hist. des An., and 
F. Cuv. Mammif. (The African Elephant.) A round head; 
convex forehead ; large ears; the crowns of the grinders divided 
into lozenges ; it appears very frequently to have but three nails 
to the hind foot. Found from Senegal to the Cape of Good 
Hope. Whether they ascend the eastern coast of Africa, or 
whether they are replaced there by the preceding species is not 
known. The tusks of the female are as large as those of the 
male, and the weapon itself, generally speaking, is larger than 
in the Indian species. The African Elephant is not now tamed, 
though it appears that the Carthaginians employed it in the 
same way that the inhabitants of India do theirs. 
In nearly every part of the two continents, are found, under 
ground, the bones of a species of elephant allied to that of India, 
but with narrower and straighter coronal fillets, the alveoli for 
lodging the tusks much longer in proportion, and the lower jaw 
more obtuse. A specimen recently taken from the ice on the 
coast of Siberia, by Mr Adams, appears to have been thickly 
covered with hairs of two kinds, so that it is possible this spe- 
cies may have lived in cold climates. It has long disappeared 
from the face of the earth. See Cuvy. Oss. Foss. tom. I. 
The second genus of the Proboscidiana, or the 
Masrtopon, Cuv. 
Has been completely destroyed, nor is there a single individual liv- 
ing. 
formation in common with the Elephant ; but differed from it in the 
grinders, the crown of which, from above the gum, being bristled 
with large conical points, presented in proportion to their detri- 
tion, larger or smaller disks, which represented sections of those 
It had the feet, tusks, trunk, and many other details of con- 
points.(1) These teeth, which succeed each other from behind, like 
those of the Elephant, presented also so many more pairs of points 
as\the animal was the more advanced in age. 
M. giganteum, Cuv. loc. cit. The Great Mastodon, in which 
the sections of the points are lozenge-shaped, is the most cele- 
brated species. It equalled the Elephant in size, but with still 
heavier proportions. Its remains are found in a wonderful state 
of preservation, and in great abundance throughout all parts of 
\ 
——— 
(1) This conformation, common to the Mastodon, Hippabsiagie Hog, , Oh 
occasioned the erroneous idea of the first being carnivorous. 
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