PACHYDERMATA. 175 
North America. They are infinitelyynore rare in the eastern 
continent. re 
M. angustidens, Cuy. loc. cit., or the Narrow-toothed Mas- 
todon, whose grinders, narrower than those of the preceding 
“species, when worn down, formed trefoil-shaped disks, and have 
thereby been confounded by some authors with the teeth of the 
Hippopotamus, was a third less than the great Mastodon, and 
much lower on its legs. Its remains are found throughout the 
greater part of Europe and of South America. In certain 
places, the teeth, tinged with iron, become of a beautiful blue 
when heated, forming what is called the oriental turquoise.(1) 
FAMILY II. 
PACHYDERMATA ORDINARIA, 
Or the ordinary Pachydermata, have four, three or two 
toes. 
Those in which the toes make even numbers have feet 
somewhat cleft, and approximate to the Ruminantia in various 
parts of the skeleton, and even in the complication of the sto- 
‘mach. ‘They are usually divided into two genera. 
Hippopotamus, Lin. 
Four nearly equal toes, terminated by little hoofs, to each foot ; six 
grinders. throughout, of which the three anterior are conical; the 
three posterior bristled with two pairs of points, which, when worn, 
assume a trefoil shape; four incisors to each jaw, the superior of 
which are conical and recurved, the inferior cylindrical, long, pointed 
and sloping forwards ; a canine tooth on each side above and below, 
the superior straight, and the inferior very large and curved, the 
two rubbing against each other. 
These animals have a very massive and naked body; very short 
legs; the belly reaching nearly to the ground; an enormous head 
terminated by a large inflated muzzle, which encloses the apparatus 
of their large front teeth; the tail short; the ears and eyes small. 
Their stomach is divided into several sacs. They live in rivers, 
5 
(1) Other tess widely dispersed species have been discovered; see Oss. Foss. : 
d very lately, some remarkable ones have been brought from the Birmese em- 
pire, a description of 7 which we are expecting from M. Buckland, Mast. latidens, 
M. elephantoides, &o. 
ey ‘u, 
