RUMINANTIA. 185 
two species are known, both completely reduced to a domestic 
state.(1) . 
C. bactrianus, L.; Buff. XI, xxii. (The Two-Humped Camel.) 
Originally from central Asia, and which descends to the south 
much less than the 
C. dromedarius, L. Buff. XI,ix. (The One-Humped Camel.) 
Which has spread from Arabia into all the north of Africa, a 
great part of Syria, Persia, &c. 
The first is the only one employed in Turkestan, Thibet, &c.; 
it is sometimes led as far as lake Baical. The second is well 
known for crossing the desert, and as the only means of com- 
munication between the countries which border on it. 
The two-humped Camel walks with less difficulty than the 
other in humid grounds; it is also larger and stronger. At the 
regular period it sheds the whole of its hair. It is the single- 
humped Camel that is the most abstemious. The Dromedary, 
properly speaking, is a lighter variety of it, and better calcu- 
lated for expedition. 
The flesh and milk of the Camel serve as food, and its hair 
for garments, to the people who possess it. In stony countries 
both species are useless. 
AvUCcHENIA, Illig. 
In the Lamas the two toes are separates they are without humps. 
But two distinct species are known, both from the western continent, 
and much smaller than the two preceding ones. 
Camelus llacma, L.; Guanaco, Buff. Supp. VI, xxvii. (The 
Lama.) As large as a Stag; the hair coarse and of a chesnut 
colour, but varying when domesticated. It was the only beast 
of burden in Peru at the time of the conquest. It can carry a 
hundred and fifty pounds, but makes short journeys. The 
Alpaca is a variety with long woolly hair. 
Cam. vicunna, L.; Buff. Supp. VI, xxviii. (The Paco.) The 
size of a sheep, covered with fawn coloured wool, extremely 
soft and fine, of which valuable stuffs are manufactured. 
Moscuus, Lin. 
The Musks are much less anomalous than the Camels, differing 
from the ordinary Ruminantia only in the absence of horns, in hav- 
(1) Pallas, on the authority of the Buchares and eek eee that in the de- 
serts of central Asia wild Camels are, still to be found; we must recollect, how- 
ever, that the Kalmuks are in the habit of * giving freedom to all sorts of animals 
from a religious principle. git " 
Vou. t.—Y La. 
