RUMINANTIA. 197 
short and bent forwards; a beard under the middle of the neck; 
hair greyish; double, black and white, strongly marked rings 
on all the feet just above the hoof. The female has no horns. 
This species is from India. 
A. rupicapra, L.; Buff. XII, pl. xvi; Vsard in the Pyrenees. 
(The Chamois.) The only ruminating animal in the west of 
Europe that can be compared with the Antelope, having how- 
ever peculiar characters: its straight horns are bent suddenly 
backward like a hook; behind each ear, under the skin, is a 
sac, whose only external opening is a small orifice.(1) Its size 
is that of a large Goat. The hair is of a deep brown, with a 
black band descending from the eye towards the muzzle. The 
swiftness of its course among rocks and precipices is wonder- 
ful, and it remains in small herds in the middle region of the 
highest mountains. 
M. Smith separates from the Antelopes, under the generic name 
of Carosiepas, the 
A. gnu, Gm.; Buff. Supp. VI, pl. vili and ix. (The Gnou.) 
A very singular being, which, at the first glance, seems to bea 
monster composed of parts of different animals. It has the body 
and croup of a small Horse, covered with brown hairs ; the tail 
furnished with long white hairs, like that of the Horse, and on 
the neck a beautiful straight mane, the hairs of which are white 
at the base and black at the tip. The horns, approximated and 
enlarged at the base like those of the Cape Buffalo, descend out- 
wardly, and turn up at the point; its muzzle.is large, flat, and 
surrounded with a circle of projecting hairs ; under the throat 
and dewlap is another black mane; the feet have all the light- 
ness of the Stag’s. Horns in both sexes. Inhabits the moun- 
tains to the north of the Cape, where it is rather rare, although 
the ancients appear to have had some knowledge of it.(2) 
The three remaining genera have the bony core of the 
horns principally occupied with cells, which communicate with 
the frontal sinuses. ‘The direction of their horns furnishes 
-the characters of the divisions. 
(1) It was perhaps a mistaken idea respecting the indication of this orifice 
_ which led the ancients to say, that, according to Empedocles, Goats breathed 
ee the ears. 
' (2) This species most probably gave rise to the catoblepus. See vey lib. 
an, cxxxii, and /élian, lib. VII, c. v. 
pei The most complete work on the subject of the Antelopes is that of M. Ham. 
8! “Smith, inserted in the work of Griffith, and I regret that the want of sufficient 
WW Bubjects for observation have prevented me from giving all its details. 
