RUMINANTIA. 201 
of ribs, by a sort of-curly wool, which covers the head and neck 
_ of the bull, forming a short beard under the throat, and by its 
grunting voice. Itisa savage animal that has now taken refuge 
in the great marshy forests of Lithuania, of the Krapacs and of 
Caucasus, but which formerly inhabited all the temperate parts 
of Europe. It is the largest quadruped proper to Europe. 
B. bison, L.3; B. americanus, Gm.; Buff. Supp. Il, v3 F. 
Cuyv. Mammif. (The Buffalo or Bison of America.) The bony 
head very similar to that of the Aurochs, and covered like it, 
the neck and shoulders also, with frizzled wool, which be- 
comes very long in winter; its legs and tail are shorter. Inha- 
bits ail the temperate parts of North America. 
B. bubalus, L.; Buff. X1, xxv; Wild Ox of Arachosia, of Aris- 
totle. (The Buffalo.) Originally from India, and brought into 
Egypt, Greece, and Italy during the middle century; has a 
convex forehead, higher than wide, the horns directed side- 
ways, and marked in front by a longitudinal ridge. This animal 
is subdued with difficulty, but is extremely powerful, and prefers 
the marshy grounds, and coarse plants on which the Ox could 
not live. Its milk is good, and! the hide very strong, but the 
flesh is not esteemed. - 
There is a race of them in India, whose horns include a space 
of ten feet from tip to tip: it is called Arni in Hindostan, and 
is the Bos arni of Shaw. 
B. frontalis, Lambert, Linn. Trans. VII, pl. 45, and F. Cuv. 
Mammif. (The Gyall.) Resembles the domestic Ox in the 
greater part of its characters, but its horns are flattened from 
before backwards, and are without angular ridges. They are 
directed sideways and more or less upwards, but not backwards. 
The hair is short and black, except on the forehead, and ona 
line along the back, where it is grey or fawn-coloured, and on 
the legs, where it is white. It is a domestic race in the moun- 
tain districts of the north-west of India, and which is perhaps 
descended from the Buffalo and the common species. 
B. grunniens, Pall.; Horse-tailed Buffalo; Grunting Cow of 
Tartary, &c.3 Sch. CCXCIX, A. B. (The Yack.) A small 
species, with the tail completely covered with long hairs like 
that of the Horse, and a long mane on the back. Its head 
appears to resemble that of the Buffalo, but the horns have not 
been sufficiently described. This animal, of which lian has 
spoken, is originally from the mountains of Thibet. Its tail 
constitutes the standards still used by the Turks to’ distinguish 
the superior officers. 
B. caffer, Sparm.; Schr. CCCI. (The Cape Buffalo.) ‘Very 
Vou. 1L.—2 A 
