Bse- AVES. 
ash coloured. The name is derived from its shrill cry ; builds 
in old towers, &c. 
F. cenchris, Frisch and Naum.; &. tinnunculoides, Schintz Bid 
Temm.; Naum. 29; Frisch, 89. (The Little Kestrel.) Immac- 
ulate above; otherwise similar to the Kestrel ; wings rather 
longer, and talons white. This species, long confounded with 
the preceding, prefers the south of Europe. 
F. rufipes, Beseke; F. vespertinus, Gm.; Enl. 431; Naum. 28. 
(The Grey Kestrel.) The male is of a deep ash colour; the 
thighs and inferior part of the abdomen red ; the back of the 
female ash coloured, spotted with black ; the head, and all be- 
neath, more or less red. Still smaller than the preceding ; 
most common in eastern Europe, common, also, in Siberia— 
rare in Germany and France.(1) 
Hieroratco, Cuy.(2) 
The Gerfalcons have wing quills similar to those of the other noble 
birds, which they perfectly resemble in disposition ; but their beak 
has only an emargination like that of the ignoble ones;(3) their long 
and displayed tail extends considerably beyond their wings, although 
the latter are very long; the superior third of their tarsi, which are 
short and reticulated, is furnished with feathers. Only one species 
is well known. 
(1) Of foreign species add, 1st, allied to the Kestrel: Le Montagnard, Vaill. 35 
(F. capensis, Sh.).—F. sparverius, Enl. 465, Wils. If. xvi, 1, and IV, xxxii, 2, and 
two or three species, whose wings, otherwise similar to the noble birds of prey as 
to the relative proportion of the feathers, are shorter than the tail ; such as the 
F. punctatus, Cuy. Col. 45.—F. columbarius, Wils. Il, xy, 3. : 
2d. Allied to the Hobby : F. cx#rulescens, Edw. 108, Vieill. Gal. 18, and Col. 97, 
hardly larger than a swallow ;—F’. aurantius, Lath., rufogularis, Ejd., thoracicus, 
Illig. Col. 348 ;—F’. bidentatus, Lath., or Bidens rufiventer, Spix. VI, which is dis- 
tinguished by a double tooth in its beak, Col. 38, and the young, Col. 358, or Bid. 
albiventer, Spix. VII, but with the wings too short ;—F. diodon, Col. 198 ;—F. fe- 
meralis, Temm. Col. 121 and 343, and Spix. VII ;—F. Aldovandii, Reinw. Col. 
128. 
3d. Allied to the True Falcon: the Chiquera, Vaill. Afric. 30 (F. chiquera, Sh.);— 
F. biarmicus, T. Col. 324 ;—the F. huppé (F. frontalis, Daud., F. galericulatus, 
Sh.), Vaill. Afric. 28 ;—the F. huppart, T. (F. lophotes, Cuy.) Enl. 10 ;—the F. 
a culotie notre, Vaill. 29 (F. tibialis, Sh.). 
(2) Hierax, Hiero-falco, Sacred Falcon, &c. names connected with the supersti- 
tions of the Egyptians respecting certain birds of Pies Gerfalcon is a corruption 
of Hiero-falco. 
(5) Nauman, I, p. 278, asserts that it is the falconers who round the tooth of the 
beak in the Gerfalcons. In that case, and with the bare exception of their long 
tail, they would re-enter the catalogue of the other Falcons, and the Lanner should 
be associated with them. 
