PASSERINE. 305 
IcrERus.(1) 
The beak arcuated throughout its length, and only forming a small 
notch in the feathers on the forehead.(2) 
XanrTHornvs.(3) 
Only differs from the phesedingy| in the perfect straightness of the 
beak.(4) 
We should distinguish among the number a species with a 
somewhat shorter beak, which therein approaches the Frin- 
gilla, Cuv. 
Icterus pecoris, Tem.; Emberiza pecoris, Wils. If; xviii, Lae 
and Enl. 606, 1. (The Cow Bunting.) A violet black; head 
and neck a brown grey. Lives in flocks among the cattle; but 
the most peculiar trait in its habits is that, like the Cuckoo, it 
lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.(5) 
(1) Viecillot has changed the French term of the above subdivision, T'roupiale, 
into Carouge, which I had adopted for the following subgenus. He translates 
Carouge by Pendulinus, Galer. pl. 186. 
(2) Oriolus varius, Enl. 607, 1;—Or. cayanus, 535, 2;—Or. capensis, Enl. 607. 
(N.B. It is from Louisiana, and not from the Cape;)—Or. chrysocephalus, Merr. 
Beytr. I, pl. iii, Viceill. Gal. 86;—Or. dominicensis, Enl. 5, 1;—and a species of a 
changeable black, whose tail assumes all kinds of shapes, according to the direc- 
tion of its lateral feathers, which are sometimes in the same plane with the rest, 
and at others turned up, &c. (Quiscalus versicolor) Vieill. Gal. 108; Wils. TI, 
xvi, 3. It appears to be both the Gracula quiscala, L., Catesb. pl. xii, and the 
Gracula barita, Lath. I, pl. xviii, or the Pie de la Jamaique: it is found in all the 
Antilles, Carolina, &c. It has been confounded with the Rice Eater (Ploceus 
niger). 
We should separate the Jcterws sulcirostris, Spix, LXIV, the lower jaw of whose 
much larger beak is obliquely furrowed at base. 
(3) M. Vieill. calls these birds, Baltimore and Yphantes, Galer. pl. Ixxxvii. He 
separates some of them, which he names more particularly Z'roupiales, or Acz- 
narus, pl. Ixxxviil. 
(4) Oriolus icterus, Enl. 532;—Oriolus minor and Tanagra bonariensis, Enl. 710; 
the same bird;—Oriolus citrinus, Spix, 76;—Le Car. gasquet, Quoy and Gaym. 
Voy. de Freycin. pl. xxiv;—Oriolus pheniceus, Enl. 402;—Or. americanus, 236, 2;— 
Or. leucopterus, Lath. Syn. I, frontisp.;—Or. bonana, Enl. 535, 1;—Or. cayenensis, 
Ib. 2;—Or. icterocephalus, 342;—Or. xanthocephalus, Ch. Bonap, 1, IV, 1, 2;—Or. 
. mexicanus, Enl. 533;—Or. xanthornus, 5, 1;—Or. baltimore, 506, 1; Vieill. Galer. 
$7, and Wils. I, 1, 3;—Or. spurius, Enl. 2, and Wils. I, iv, 1—4;—Or. melancholicus, . 
Enl. 448, of which Ov. guyanensis, Enl. 536, Vieill. Galer. pl. 88, is the adult. 
Add Or. agripennis, Bonap. (Enlb. oryzivora, of others) our common Reed 
Bird. Am. Ed. 
(5) Gmel. cites fig. 606, 1, of the Pl. Enl., as Oriolus minor; it is a mistake. 
Vout. I.—2 O 
