308 AVES. 
ter, except when very young, is divested of feathers, which is 
probably occasioned by its habit of thrusting it into the ground 
in search of food. ; 
These two species live in large flocks, numbers of them build- 
ing together. They feed as much on grain as on insects, and 
are found throughout all Europe; remaining in the winter, how- 
ever, only in the warmer districts. 
C. cornix, L.; Corneille mantelée; Enl. 76; Naum. 54. (The 
Royston Crow.) Cinereous; head, wings, and tail, black. It is less 
frugivorous, frequents the sea-shore, and feeds upon shell-fish, 
&c. Naumanassures us that it often couples with the Black Crow. 
C. monedula, L.; Le Choucas, &c.3 Enl. 525; Naum. 56, 1. (The 
Jackdaw.) A fourth smaller than the preceding ones; about the 
size of a Pigeon; of a less intense black, which around the neck 
and under the belly, even verges on cinereous; sometimes all 
black. It builds in steeples, old towers, &c., lives in flocks, 
feeds on the same substances as the Crows, and is frequently 
found with them. Birds of prey have no enemy more vigilant 
than the Jackdaw.(1) 
Pica, Cuv. 
The Pies are less than the Cornix; the upper mandible is also 
more arcuated than the other, and the tail long and cuneiform. 
Corvus pica, L.; Enl. 488; Naum. 56, 2. (The Magpie of _ 
Europe.) <A beautiful bird, of a silky black colour, with purple, — 
blue, and gold reflections; the belly is white, and there is a large 
spot of the same colour on the wing. Its eternal chattering has 
rendered it notorious. It prefers living in inhabited places, 
where it feeds on all sorts of matters, sometimes attacking the 
smaller birds of the poultry-yards.(2) 
(1) The Jackdaw terminates the tribes of the true Crows, because its upper 
mandible is hardly more arcuated than the lower one. Add to this tribe the Cor- 
vus jamaicensis, or Corneille @ duvet blane;—Le C. dauricus, Enl. 327; the C. seap- 
ulatus, Daud. Vaill. 53, which M. Temm. thinks differs from the preceding; the 
albicollis, Lath. or Corbivau, which, from its high, compressed, trenchant- 
backed beak, might constitute a separate subgenus, Vaill. 50;—the C. splendens ’ 
of India, Vieill. Col. 425, remarkable for the instinct which prompts it to search 
for lice among the feathers of the Vulture, (the Chagoun) who willingly permits it;— 
The C. columbianus, Wils. 11], xx, fig. 2;—the C. nasicus, Tem. Col. 413;—the 
C. ossifragus, Wils. V, xxxviii, f. 2, if it really differ from the corniz. ‘ 
(2) Add the Corvus senegalensis, Enl. 538;—C. ventralis, Sh.; Vaill. Afr. 58;—C. 
erythrorhynchos, Enl. 622, and better Vaill. Afr. 57;—C. cayanus, Enl. 378;—C. 
peruvianus, Enl. 625;—C. cyaneus, Pall. Vaill. Afr. 58, 2;—C. rufus, Vaill. Afr. _ 
59;—the Acahe, Azz. (Corvus pileatus, Mllig. ) Col. 58, or Pica chrysops, Vieill. Gal. 
101;—the G. gubernatriz, Tem. Col 436;—the Cory. azureus, T. Col. 168;— 
the Pie geng. (C. cyanopogon, P. Max.) Col. 169. 
