PASSERINE. 309 
GarruLvs, Curvy. 
The two mandibles of the Jays are but little elongated, terminat- 
ing in a sudden, and nearly equal curve; when the tail is cuneiform, 
it is not very long, and the loose and slender feathers of the forehead 
stand more or less erect when the bird is angry. 
Corvus glandarius, L.; Enl. 481; Naum. 58, 1. (The Jay of 
Europe.) Is a fine bird of a vinous grey, with mustachios, and - 
the quills of the tail, black; particularly remarkable for a large 
spot of dazzling blue; striped with a deep shade of the same 
colour, which marks a part of the wing coverts. It feeds chiefly 
on the acorn, and of all birds shows the greatest penchant for 
imitating all kinds of sounds. It builds in the woods of Europe, 
and lives in pairs or in small flocks.(1) See App. XXIII of Am. 
Ed. 
Caryocaractes, Cuy.(2) 
The Nutcrackers have the two mandibles straight, equally pointed, 
and without any curve. There is only one species known. 
Corvus caryocatactes, L.; Enl. 50; Naum. 58, 23 Vieill. Gal. 
105. (The Common Nutcracker.) Browns; the whole body 
spotted with white. It builds in the hollows of trees, in dense 
mountain forests, climbs trees and perforates their bark like the 
Woodpeckers, feeds on all kinds of fruit, insects, and small 
birds. Flocks of them sometimes descend into the plains, 
but at very irregular intervals. It is celebrated for its confi- 
dence.(3) 
(1)'Add Corvus cristatus, Enl. 529, Vieill. Gal. 102;—Corv. Stellert, Vaill. Ois. de 
Far. &c. I, 44;—Corv. sibiricus, Enl. 608;—C. canadensis, Enl. 530, and a variety, 
Vieill. 48;—C. cristatellus, or C. cyanoleucos, P. Max.; Col. 193;—C. ultramarinus, 
T. Col. 439;—C. torquatus, T. Col. 44;—C. floridanus, Ch. Bonap. I, xiii, 1. 
(2) Vieill. has changed this name into Nueifraga. 
(3) N.B. The Corvus hottentottus,'226, appears to us to be allied to the Tyrants;— 
C. balicassius, 603, is a Drongo;—C. calvus, Enl. 521, a Gymnocephalus;—C. Nove 
Guinex, Enl. 629 and C. papuensis, Enl. 630 belong to Graucalus, Cuv.;—C. spe- 
ciosus of Sh. is the Rollier de la Chine, Enl. 620, and belongs to the Dentirostres. 
Temm. makes a Pyroll of it, Col. Enl. 401;—C. flaviventris, Enl. 249, isa Tyrant;— 
_C. mexicanus is probably a Cassicus or a Weaver, and C. argirophtalmus, Brown, 
Ill., 10, iscertainly one;—C. rufipennis, Enl. 199, is a Thrush, the same as F'urdus 
morio;— C. cyanurus, Enl. 355, C. brachyurus, Enl. 257 and 258, and C. grallarius, 
of Shaw, Enl. 702 are Ant-catchers;—C. carunculatus, Daud., a Philedon. 
We have approximated C: pyrrhocorax, Enl. 531, to the Thrushes and C. gra- 
-eulus, Enl. 255 to Upupa. We are of opinion that C. eremita does not exist. 
The €. caribeus, Aldroy. 788; is a Bee-eater, the account of which has been stolen 
by Dutertre to describe an object of which he had no recollection: finally, C. 
gymnocephalus, Tem. Col. 327, appears to us to belong to the family of the Den- 
tirostres. 
