330 AVES. 
from the north-east of Europe, somewhat larger than the major 
and very similar to it; but the lower part of the back and rump 
are always white, and the calotte of the male red. It sometimes 
wanders as far as Germany. ¥ ” 
The species foreign to Europe are very numerous, and have a 
great mutual resemblance, which even extends to certain dis- 
tributions of colour; the red on the head for instance.(1) 
There are certain species of Woodpeckers called by Lacépéde 
Picoipes, in which, the external toe is wanting; having, consequent- 
ly, but two before, and one behind; but, in all other respects, they 
are similar to the common ones. There is one of them in the north 
and east of Europe. . .’ 
P. tridactylus; Edw. 114; Naum. 137. Intermediate, as to size, 
(1) Species analogous to the Black Woodpecker: P. pileatus, L. Enl. 718;— 
P. lineatus, L. Enl. 717;—P. principalis, L. Enl. 690;—P. galeatus, Natter. Col. 
171, four closely allied species, to one of which probably belongs the P. melano- 
lewcos, Gm.; Lath. Syn. I, 2, t. xxv;—P. rubricollis, Gm. Enl. 612;—P. robustus, 
Spix, 44;—P. albirostris, 1d. 45;—P. validus, T. Col. 378, and the female, 402;—P. 
erythrocephalus, L. Enl.117;—P. pulverulentus, T. Col. 389;—P. concretus, Reinw: 
Col. 90;—P. chilensis, Voy. de la Coq. 32;—P. torquatus, Wils. Am. III, xx, 3;—P. 
dominicanus, Spix, 50. ' 
Species analogous to the Green Woodpecker: P. percussus, T. Col. 390 and 
424, the female;—P. bengalensis, L. Enl. 695, of which P. aurantius, Gm. Briss. 
IV, pl. vi, f. 1, is probably a mere variety;—P. goensis, Gm. Enl. 696;—P. auru- 
lentus, Mig. Col. 59, fig. 1, or macrocephilus, Spix, 53, 2;—P. puniceus, Horsf. 
Col. 423;—P. mentalis, Col. 384:—P. ceylonus, N. Nat. Forsch. 14, pl. 1;—P. 
goertan, Gm. Enl. 320;—P. manillensis, Gm.; Sonner. pl]. xxxvi;—P. senegalensis, 
Gm. Enl. 345, f. 2;—P. passerinus, Gm.; Briss. IV, t. iv, f. 2;—P. luzonicus, Nob. 
Sonn. pl. xxxvii;—P. miniatus, Gm. Ind. Zool. t. Vi;—P. chlorocephalus, Gm. 
Enl. 784;—P. exalbidus, Gm. Enl. 509;—P. cinnamomeus, Gm. Enl. 524;—P. pal- 
alaca, Nob. Enl. 691;—P. jumana, Spix, pochraceus and flavicans, Id. 51. 
Species analogous to the Spotted Woodpeckers: P. rubriventris, Vieill. Gal. 
27;—P. hirundinaceus, L. Enl. 694;—P. varius, Gm. Enl. 785;—BP. villosus, Gm. 
Enl. 754; Wils. I, ix, 5;—P. undosus, N. Enl. 533;—P. pubescens, Gm. Catesb. 
31, 11; Wils. I, ix, 4. 
Species with a transversely striped beak: P. moluccensis, Gm. Enl. 748, f. 2;— 
P. bicolor, tb. f. 1;—P. rufus, Gm. Enl. 694, f. 1, closely allied to the P. undatus, 
Gm.; Edw. 352;—P. carolinus, Gm. Enl. 597 and 692;—P. cayennensis, Gm. Enl. 
613;—P. melanochloris, Gm, Enl. 719;—P. striatus, Gm. Enl. 281 and. 614;—P. 
superciliaris, T.*Col. 443;—P. flavescens, Gm.; Brown, II, pl. xii, and Spix, 49;— 
P. cardinalis, Sonn., pl. xxxv;—P. querulus, Wils., Am. II, xv,1;—P. campestris, 
mae 46;—P. macei, T. Col. 59, 2. 
Ve should observe, that these distinctions of annlee ss particularly when taken 
Ae colours, are but of little importance, and that it is very possible that among 
the above species, seyeral may be found to constitute but one. 
N.B. The Picus auratus has become the genus Coxarres of Swainson. 
