370 AVES. 
only distinguished from them by the presence of a thumb; but it is 
so small that it cannot reach the ground. 9 
In the first tribe, thatof the Lapwinc-PLovers, (SquaTAROLA, Cuv.) 
it is even scarcely visible. It is distinguished by the bill, which is 
inflated underneath, and its nasal fossa being short like that of an 
Gidicnemus. The feet are reticulated: all those of France have the 
tail striped with white and black, forming, as is asserted, but one 
species whose great diversity of plumage has occasioned its multi- 
plication. It is always found with the Plovers. 
Tringa squatarola; Le Vanneau gris, Enl. 854. (The Grey 
Lapwing.) Greyish above, whitish with greyish spots beneath, 
is the young bird -before it has moulted. The Variegated Lap- 
' wing, (Tringa varia,) Enl. 923, white, spotted with greyish; 
blackish mantle dotted with white, comprises the two sexes in 
their winter plumage. The Vanneau suisse, (Tringa helvetica, 
Enl. 853, Naum. Ed. I, 62, f. 117,) black and white spots above, 
black beneath from the throat to the thighs, is the male in his 
wedding livery. 
VANELLUsS, Cuv. 
The true Lapwings have a rather more decidedly marked thumb, 
the tarsi scutellated, at least partially so, and the nasal fosse extend- 
ing two-thirds the"length of the beak. They are equally as industrious 
in the pursuit of worms as the Plovers, procuring them inthe same 
manner. iS hy 
‘the European species, 7ringa vanellus, L., is a pretty bird, 
as large as a Pigeon, of a bronze-black, with a long and slender 
crest. It arrives in France in the spring, lives in the fields and 
meadows, builds there, and departs in autumn. The eggs are, 
considered a great delicacy.(1) ts 
Warm climates also have some species of this bird, whose 
wings are armed with one or two spurs, and others which have 
caruncles or wattles at the base of the beak: their tarsi are scu- 
tellated. ‘hey are Very noisy animals, screaming out at every 
sound they hear. They live in the fields, and defend themselves 
against birds of prey with much courage.(2) 
was Linnzus who applied it thus; but he placed many other birds in his genus 
Tringa, besides the Lapwings, the Sandpipers, (Calibris, Cuv.,) especially. 
(1) Add the Vanneau @ écharpe (Vann. cinctus’, Less. and Garn. Voy. Duperr. 
pl. xliii;—Le V. @ pieds jaunes (Vann. flavipes), Savigny, Egypte, Ois., pl. 6, f..3. 
(2) ‘Phey are the first nine species of Pasra, Gmel., particularly Parra cayen- 
nensis, Enl. 836;—P. goensis, Enl. 807;—P. senegalla, Enl. 362, or better Vanellus. 
albicapillus, Vieill., Gal. 236;—P. ludoviciana, Enl. 835, from which Vann. galli- 
‘naceus, Tem., does not perhaps specifically differ, &c.; their habits, legs, beak, 
