374 ' AVES. 
Certain Cranes, foreign to Europe, with a shorter beak than is 
found in those that belong to it, should come next. 
Ardea pavonia, L.; Grue couronné; Enl. 265, and the young, 
Vieill. 257. (Yhe Crowned Crane) Figure, light and graceful; 
four feet in height; ash coloured, black belly, fawn coloured 
rump, and white wings} its naked cheeks are tinged with white, 
and a bright rose-colour, and its head is crowned with a bundle 
of yellow, slender feathers, which it opens and displays at plea- 
sure. This beautiful bird, whose voice resembles the clang of 
a trumpet, inhabits the westetn Coast of Africa, where it is fre- 
quently kept in the huts, ‘and fed on grain, In a wild state it 
frequents inundated places, and preys on small fish. 
Ardea*virgo; Demoiselle de Numidie; Enl. 246. (The Numi- 
dian Crane.) Similar to the preceding in form, and almost in 
size; ash coloured; a black neck with two beautiful whitish 
aigrettes, formed by the prolongation of the slender feathers 
which cover the ears. Those which have been observed ina 
state of captivity were remarkable for their fantastic and affect- 
ed gestures. (1) ‘eb 
The Common Cranes have a beak as long as theshead, or longer. 
Ardea grus, L.; Grus cinerea, Bechst., Enl. 769; Frisch, 1943 
Naum. Ed. I, 2, f- 2. (The Common Crane.) Four feet and 
upwards in height; ‘ash coloured; black throat; top of the 
head, red and maked; the rump ornamented with long, recurved 
and frizzled feathers, partly black. This bird has been cele- 
brated from the earliest ages for its regular migrations from 
north to south in the autumn, and vice versa in the spring, 
which it effects in immense and well ordered bodies. It feeds. 
on grain, but prefers the worms and insects of marshy grounds. 
This species.is often mentioned by the ancient writers, because 
the course of its migrations seems to be through Greece and 
eAsia Minor.(2) ‘ 
Between the Cranes and Herons we must place 
Ard. scolopacea, Gm.; Le Courlan, Enl. 848,(3) whose beak, 
(1) The anatomists of the Institute had applied to this bird, on account of its 
gestures, the names of Scops, Otus, and /sio, by which the ancients designated 
the Ducs of Europe (Bubo). Buffon, who had so well refuted this error as re- 
garded the Ducs, falls into it himself when speaking of the Ard. virgo. 
(2) To this genus also belong ard. canadensis, Edw.,133; the Grue 4 collier, ° 
Enl. 865, and the Crane of India, Edw. 45, (Ard. antigone) Vieill., Gal. 256;—the 
Grue blunche, En). 889, (Ard. americana) and the rd. gigantea, Pall., It., II, No. 
50, t. I, which does not appear to us. to differ in the least from the white one;— 
finally, the rd. carunculata, which is not a Heron, as supposed by Gmelin. 
(S) Vieillot has made his genus Aramvs, Gal. p. 252, from this bird; Spix, pl. 
91, calls it Rallus ardeordes. 
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