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GRALLATORIEZ. 389 
is ash-coloured above, white beneath, and the breast shaded 
with grey; in summer, its plumage is fawn-coloured above, 
spotted with black, small black spots front of the neck and 
breast, and a black patch under the belly. It is then the 7’. 
alpina, Gm., or Tr. cinclus, B.“Enl. 852; Wils., VII, lvi, 2. 
The 77. cinclus, L., Enl. 851, is an intermediate state.(1) 
The Cocortr only differs from the Sea-larks by its beak being 
slightly arcuated. 
The species known, Scolopax subarcuata, Gm.; Numenius afri- 
canus, Lath.; Naum. 21, f. 28 and 20; f. 27, is, in winter, black- 
ish above, undulated with grey and whitish beneath; in summer 
the back is spotted with black and fawn-colour, the wings are 
grey, and the head and under part of the body red. It is found 
everywhere, though very rarely. The 
Fatcinetivs(2) 
Has : a E beek somewhat more arcuated than that of the Cocorli; the 
thumb, moreover, is deficient. 
One. species only is known, Scol. pygmza, L., a native of 
Africa, but which has sometimes been seen in Europe. 
r Macueres, Cuv.(3) 
we The Ruffs are true Sandpipers in their bill and carriage; the 
~ membrane between their external toes, however, is nearly as exten- 
sive as in Totanus, Limosa, &c. 
a + One species only is known, the 7ringa pugnaz, L., Enl. 305, 
A i +1306. “It is somewhat smaller than a snipe, and celebrated for 
+” the furious combats which take place among the males in the 
® ‘nuptial season. At this period the head is partly covered with 
‘red papille, the neck is: surrounded with a thick collar of fea- 
thers, so variously arranged and coloured, and projecting in 
such, fantastic positions, that no two individuals can be found 
alike; even before this epoch there is so much diversity in their 
; plumage, that many imaginary species have been described by 
 naturalists.(4) Their feet are always yellowish, which with 
(1) This is most probably the place for the 7'ringa macroptera, Spix, XCII. 
Add Am. Spec. T'r. Schinzii, Brehm.;—T'r. pectoralis, Bonap.;—T'r. platyr- 
hinca, Temm. Am. Ed. 
(2) Vieillot has changed this name into Erotra. It is not, as has been asserted, 
destitute of a thumb. , 
(3) MayxInc, pugnator. Teasdyoc, fuscus. 
*. (4) The Chevalier varié, Buff., Sp. IV; Briss. V, pl..xvii, 2 (T'ringa litiorea, 
L.; T'ringu ochropus, B.; littorea, Gm.). The Chevalier, properly so called, Buff. 
