402 INSECTA. 



habits; divisions, the distinction of which has been confirmed by the 

 researches pf M. Dufour. 



The CoPROPHAGi or the Scarabaeides of our first section, usually 

 have their antennae composed of nine joints, and of eight in the 

 others, the three last forming the club. The labrum and mandibles 

 are membranous and concealed. The terminal lobe of the maxillae 

 is also of the same nature, wide and arcuated at the superior margin 

 and curved inwards. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is always 

 the largest and almost oval or nearly cylindrical; but the same of the 

 labial palpi is almost always more slender than the preceding ones, 

 or very small. Behind each of the latter palpi there is a membra- 

 nous projection in the form of a ligula. The mentum is emargi- 

 naied. The sternum exhibits no particular prominence, and the 

 hooks of the tarsi are always simple. The anterior tarsi are fre- 

 quently wanting in several, either ab ovo or because they are deci- 

 duous. 



The length of the alimentary canal is always very great; occa- 

 sionally (as in Cupris lunuris) ten or twelve times that of the body. 

 The chylific ventricle occupies the largest portion of it, is studded 

 with conoid papillae, is closely folded together and kept in this state 

 of agglomeration by numerous tracheal bridles. The intestine is 

 filiform and terminates by an inflation. The testos of the Copro- 

 phagi, dissected by M. Diifour, appeared to him to consist of six 

 orbicular, slightly depressed spermatic capsules, usually united by 

 tracheae in one bundle, each placed on a tubular and tolerably long 

 pedicle, which terminates in a short vas deferens. There is but one 

 pair of vesiculae seminales; they are very long, filiform, and in nu- 

 merous folds. 



This first section corresponds to the third division of the genus 

 Scarabaeus, Oliv., or to that of Copris, but with the addition of 

 some of the Scarabaeides — Aphodius — of that naturalist. 



In some, the two intermediate legs are more remote at base than 

 the others; the labial palpi are very hairy, with the last joint much 

 smaller than the others, or even indistinct; the scutellum null or 

 extremely small, and the anus exposed. 



Coprophagi of this division peculiar to the eastern continent, with 

 a rounded body, usually depressed above or but slightly convex, 

 similar or but little different, and without horns in both sexes; in 

 which the antennae of nine joints terminate in a foliaceous club; 

 without scutellum, or sutural hiatus indicating its place; in which 

 the four posterior tibiae, usually furnished with .ciliated or hairy 

 fringes, are slender, elongated, not dilated at the extremity, or but 

 slightly so, truncated obliquely, and terminated by a single stout 



