80 REPTILIA. 



Ceratophris, Boie. 



Frogs with a broad head; skin granulate, cither wholly or in part; 

 a membranous prominence to each eye-lid resembling a horn.(l) In 

 some the tympanum is concealed under the skin. (2) They are all 

 from South America. 



Southern Africa produces Batrachians resembling Frogs in their 

 teeth and smooth skin; their toes are pointed, the hind ones broadly 

 palmated, and the extremities of the three internal ones enveloped 

 in a black, conical, horny nail; their head is small and their mouth 

 moderate; the tongue, attached to the lower part of the gullet, is 

 oblong, fleshy and very large; their tympanum is not visible. These 

 numerous characters have induced us to form a genus for them by 

 the name of Dactylethra.(3) 



Hyla, Laur. — Calamita, Schn. and Merr. 

 Tree-Frogs only differ from Frogs in the extremities of their toes, 

 each of which is expanded into a rounded viscous pellet, that enables 

 them to adhere to the surface of bodies and to climb trees, where in 

 fact they remain all summer living upon insects. They spawn, 

 however, in water, and enter the mud in winter like other Frogs. 

 There is a pouch under the throat of the male, which dilates when- 

 ever he cries. 



Rana arborea, L. ; Roes., Ran. pi. ix, x, xi. (The Common 

 Tree-Frog.) Green above, pale beneath; a black and yellow 



Spix, I: — R. pachypus. Id. II; — R. coriacea. Id. V, 2; — R. sibilatrix, Tr.Ma.x.; 

 — R. maculata, Daud., XVII, 2; — R. rubella, lb. I; — R. typlionia, lb. 4, which 

 is not, as Merrem thinks, the virginica, Gm.; — R. punctata, lb. XVI, 1; — R. 

 mystacea, Spix, III, 2 — 3; — R. militaris a.nd R. pygmaea. Id. VI; — R. labyrinthica. 

 Id. VII. [Add R. fontanaUs, L. C; — R. palustris. Id.; — R. sylvatica. Id.; — R. 

 pumila, Id.; — R. gryllus. Id.; — R. nigrita. Id., Ann. of the Lyceum. Jm. Ed."] 



(1) Ceratophris varius, B, ov Rana comuta, Seb. I, Ixxii, 1 — 2; Tiles., Mag. de 

 Berl., 1809, 2d Trim. pi. iii, and Krusenst. Voy. pi. vi, or Ceratophris dorsata, Pr. 

 Max. 2melivr.; — Cerat. Spixii, Cav. or R. megastoma, S-p'ix, lY , 1; — R. scutata, 

 lb. 2; — Cerat. Daudini, Cuv., Daud. xxxviii; — Cerat. clypeata, Cuv. 



(2) Ceratophris granosa, Cuv., one of those Frogs with a concealed tympanum, 

 of which Gravenhorst has made his genus Stombus; but they have teeth like the 

 others, and should not be approximated to the Toads, where Fitzinger has 

 placed them. 



(3) From SanluxtiQ^u (thimble): such is the form of their nails. The Crapaud 

 lisse, Daud. pi. xxx, f. 1, is a bad figure, the hind feet being altogether wrong; it 

 forms the Pipa Isevis, Merr. The Fipa hufonia, Merr. or pretended male Pipa, 

 Enl. No. 21, f. 2, is also the same species, but drawn without nails. These species 

 of Merrem constitute the Engtstoma of Fitzinger, but the true Engystomae or the 

 Breviceps, Merr. have neither teeth nor nails. 



