MALACOPTERYGII AI5D0MIXALES. 235 



one fourth of the whole length of the fish; the dorsal more for- 

 wards, the anal longer and approaching nearer to the caudal. 

 A very small fish, of the most brilliant silver colour, with a lit- 

 tle black spot on the end of the snout. (1) 



C. pilchardus, Bl. 406; and better, Will., pi. 1, f. 1. (The 

 Pilchard.) About the size of the Herring, but with larger 

 scales; the suboperculum square; radiated striiie on the pre- 

 operculum and operculum; the head shorter in proportion than 

 that of the Herring and the dorsal more forward, so that the 

 distance from the snout to the dorsal does not reach the caudal. 

 The ventrals arise from under the end of the dorsal; there are 

 eighteen rays in the anal, and on each side of the caudal are 

 extended two scales longer than the rest. It is preferred to the 

 Herring, particularly on the western coast of England. 



C. sardina, Cuv.; Duham., Sect. IH, pi. xvi, f. 4. (The Sar- 

 dine.) So similar to the Pilchard, that the only perceptible 

 difference is its inferior size. It is celebrated for the extreme 

 delicacy of its flavour, and the numbers which are taken on 

 the coast of Brittany. It is also captured in the Mediterra- 

 nean, where the Herring is unknown. (2) The 



Alosa, Cuv. 



Differs from Clupea, properly so styled, in an emargination of the 

 middle of the upper jaw; all the other characters are those of the 

 Pilchard and Sardine. 



^. vulgaris^ Clupea alosa, L., Duham., Sect. Ill, pi. 1, f. 1. 

 (The Shad.) A much larger and thicker fish than the Herring, 

 attaining a length of three feet, and distinguished by the ab- 

 sence of sensible teeth and by an irregular black spot behind 

 the gills. It ascends the rivers in spring, and is then highly 

 esteemed; when taken at sea it is dry and of a disagreeable fla- 

 vour. 



A.finta, Cuv.; CI. finta, Lac; the Venth of Flanders; Jigont 

 of Lombard y; Alachia of Italy, 8cc. More elongated than the 



(1) Species allied in form to the latulus: the Cailleu {CI. dupeola, Cuv.), Du- 

 ham., Sect. Ill, pi. xxxi, f. 3; — the Sardine de la Martinique {CI. humeralis, Cuv.}, 

 Duham., lb., f. 4; — CI. melanura, Cuv., Lacep., V, xi, 3, under the name of 

 Clupanodon Jussieu, but the description of which belongs to fig;, xi, 3, called a 

 vai'iety of the Clupanodon cJdnois; — CI. coval, Cuv., &c. 



(2) We may also separate from the true Herrings the Jangartoo, Russel, 191, or 

 the Clupea melastoina, Schn. ; and h'\s Dilchcee, 192, which have the dorsal poste- 

 rior to the ventrals, and a long anal. 



