332 MOLLUSC A. 



is very injurious to espaliers(l). There are but few persons 

 who have not heard of the curious facts respecting the repro- 

 duction of their amputated parts(2). 

 In others the shell is depressed, that is, the spire is flattened(3). 

 Some of these have ribs projecting internally(4), and there are 

 others in which the last whorl is suddenly recurved, (in the adult,) 

 assuming an irregular and plaited form(5). 



ViTRiNA, Drap. — Helico-Limax, F6russ. 



The Vitrinae are Helices with a very thin flattened shell, without 

 an umbilicus; the aperture large, but its margin not tumid; the 

 body too large to be completely drawn into the shell; the mantle has 

 a double border(6), the upper one, which is divided into several 

 lobes, extends considerably beyond the shell, and is reflected over it. 

 The known European species inhabit wet places, and are 

 very small(7). Hot climates produce larger ones. 



There are some species of Helix, in which the body can hardly 

 enter the shell, although not furnished with this double border, 

 which should be approximated to them(8). 



(1) Add tlje Hd. glauca,- — //. cltrina,—II. rapu; — H.cuslanea; — //. globulus; — 

 H. laclea; — //. urbustorum,- — IL fulva,—II. ejnstylium; — //. cincta,- — //. ligata,- — 

 H. aspersa; — //. extcnsu; — //. nemorensis; — H. fruticum; — H. lucenu; — // vitta- 



fa; //. rosacea; — H. italia; — H. lusitanica; — //. aculeata; — //. turturum; — //. 



cretacea; — H- fuscesccns; — //. terrestris; — H. nivea; — //. hortcnsls; — //. lucoruni; — 

 //. grisea; — //• haiinustoma; — H. pullu; — //. venuslu; — //. pida, Gmel. &c. 



(2) See Spallanzani, Schaffer, Bonnet, Sec. 



(3) JIcl. lapicidit; — //. cicatricosu; — //. OEgophialrtius; — //. oculus capri; — H. al- 

 lella; — //. maculata; — //. algira; — //. Ixvipcs; — //. vermiculata; — //. exilis; — //. 

 caracollu; — //. comu mllitare; — //. pcllls serpentis; — H. GuuUerlana; — //. oculus com- 

 munis; — H- marginella; — H- maculosa; — //. nxvia; — //. corrugatu; — //. ericeto- 

 rum; — H. nitens; — II. costata; — //. pulchella,- — //. cellariu; — //. ohvoluta; — //. stri- 

 gosuh; — H. radiaiu; — H. crystallinu; — //. unguUna; — H. volvulus; — //. invulvulus; 

 JJ, badia; — H. comu venatorium, &,c. 



(4) Hel. sinuata; — //. lucerna; — H. lychnuchus; — H. ccpa; — //. isognomostomu; 

 H. sinuosa; — II. punctata. See. 



(5) Hel. ringens, Chemn., IX, clx, 919, 920, the Axostoma of Lam., or Tomo- 

 CERES, Montf.; an analogous fossil shell is the Strophostoma, Dcshayes. Sec, 

 also, pi. V, vi, vii, viii, of Draparn., witli the accompanying descriptions; the 

 works of Sturm and Pfeifter on the German species, but particularly see tlic splen- 

 did folio of M. de Ferussac on the "Mollusques terrestreset fluviatiles." 



(6) Termed by M. de Ferussac " tme cuirasse ct un collier." 



(7) Hel. pellucida, Miill. and Geoff. ; Vitrina pcllucida, Drap., VIII, 34 — 37:— the 

 Helicarion, Qnoy and Gaym., Zool. de Freycin., pl.lxvii, 1; Fcruss., pi. ix, f. 1 — 4? 



(8) Ilei, rufa and brevipes, Fcruss., Drap., VTJJ, 26 — 33. 



