144 



NA TURE 



[June 6, 1907 



(•.i>ilv coagulated than fresh milk by this ferment. — The 

 measurement of the mechanical work furnished by oxen of 

 the Aubrac breed : M. Rinerelmann. — The frontal 

 gibbosilv in fishes of the genus Plychochromis : Jacques 

 Pellegrrin. — The duration of the larval life of Eucyphotes : 

 H. Couti^re. — The results furnished by the complete 

 realisation of the physiological conditions which should be 

 satisfied by the respiratory apparatus to permit man stay- 

 ing and working without danger in irrespirable atmo- 

 spheres : J. Tissot. The conditions necessary are laid 

 down in the following order, from the points of view of 

 inechanics, chemistrv, securitv, and efficiency. — The work 

 developed during phonation : M. Marage. The work is 

 measured by VH, where \' is (he volume of air which 

 escapes from the lungs in a given time, and H its pressure. 

 The author was able to make measurements of these 

 magnitudes in two subjects, one with an artificial larynx, 

 the other with normal vocal cords and with a trachea! 

 cannula. For public speaking, the study of breathing is 

 of the first importance ; more energy is expended in speak- 

 ing in a lovif pitch than a high one. — Researches on the 

 action of waters containing sulphur compounds in the 

 mercurial treatment : A. Desmouli&res and A. Chatin. 

 It is now well known that syphilitic patients under 

 mercurial treatment who are taking sulphurous waters can 

 tolerate doses of mercury compounds four or five times 

 as great as those permissible without the use of such 

 waters. This tolerance has been usually attributed to the 

 precipitation of the mercury as sulphide, an insoluble form, 

 but according to the authors' researches this is not the 

 case. The effect is produced by increasing the solvent 

 power of the blood serum with respect to the mercury 

 albuminates. — Contribution to the study of the oscillations 

 of the coast line in the Bay of Callao : P. Berthon. — 

 The volcanoes of the Logudoro and Campo d'Ozieri, 

 .Sardinia : G. Deprat. — The domes of the Coal-measures 

 in French Lorraine : J. Bergeron. — The exploration of 

 the free atmosphere above the .Arctic regions : M. 

 Hergesell. — k new theory of anthelia, paranthelia, and 

 the white halos of Bouguer and Helvetius : Louis Besson. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAY, Junr6. 



RnvAL Society, at 4.30.— Or, che Tivo Modes of Condensalion of Water 

 VaDour on Gla^sSurf.ice-, and thei*- Analogy with Jani-s Thoinson's Curve 

 of Transition from Ga^ to Liquid: Prof. F. T. Trnuton, F. K.S— The 

 Mechanical Effects of Canal Ray? : A. A. Campbell Swinton.— On the 

 Velocity of Rotation of the F.lectric Discharge in Gases at t.ow Pre-sures 

 in a Radial Magnetic Field: Prof. H. A. Wilson, F.R.S.. and G. H. 

 Mariyn.— The Osmotic Pressure of Compres-ible S-lutions of any Decree 

 of Omcenlration : A. W. Porter.— The Distribution of Blue and Violet 

 Light in the Corona on August v>, 1905, as derived from Photographs 

 taken at Kalaa-es-Senam, Tunis : Prof L. Becker. 



RnVAL iNSTiTiiTinN, at s.— Chemical Progress— Works of Berthelot, 

 Mendeli ff. and Mo^ssan : Sir James D-war, F.R S. 



LiNNKAN ^octFiv, at 8. — Contributions to our Knowledge of the New 

 Zealand Hololhutians : Pro^ ». nendy and K. Hindle.— Observations on 

 Australasian Polvclads : Prof. W. A. Haswell.— Report on the Marine 

 Fishes cnllectid by Mr. I. Stanley Gardiner in the Indian Ocean ; C. 

 Tate Regan.— The I.ithothamnia of the. SVvi/a»7{- Expedition: M. Foslie. 

 Note; sur les Ixndidse recueillis dars les ile. de FOce'an Indien, par 

 M.J. Si.inley Gardiner: Prof. L. O. Neu!::inn — £.:-/;.-W.',v/ij ; Oro- 

 hanche Rtlrn and some New Varieties of Plants from the Channel 

 Islands : G. Claridgc Druce. 



Cheihicau Society, at 8.30.— The Rtlaiion between Absorp'ion Spectra 

 .-ind Chemical Constitution, Part vii.. Pyridine and >ome of its Deriva- 

 tives: F. Biker an-l E l.'. C. Baly — The Interaction of Methylene 

 Chloride and the Sodium Derivative of Ethyl Malonate : F. Tuiin.— 

 Molecular Weight of ^-Naphlhol in Solution in Solid Nai.hthalene : E P. 

 Perman and J. H. Davies -Synthesis of Hf .vatriene Derivatives, Pre- 

 liminary Notice: L Smedley — The Constitution of the Uiazo-Com- 

 pounds: J. C. Cain.-/t-Cresol Sulphoxide and Sulphide: S. Smiles 

 and T. P. Hilditch.— /-Dioxyphenylsulphoxide : S. Smiles and A. W. 

 Bain.— Coloured A/o. derivatives of r : 3.Diphenvlbarbituric Acid. Dv- 

 Jiamic Isomerism among the Hyd.azones of i : 3-Diphenylalloxari : 

 M. A. Whiteley.— Dibroinoaminoazobenzene : J. T. Hewitt and N. 

 Walker. 



RONTGKN Society, at 8. 15. — Some Rcenl Investigations in Connection 

 with Crookes' Tubes : A. A. Campbell Swinton. 

 FRIDAY, June 7. 



Royal Institution, at 9. — Studies in High Vacua and Helium at Low 

 Temperatures: Sir J.im-s Dewar, F.R.i^. 



Gkologists' Association, at 8. — The Challc of Surrey, Part ii.. The 

 Western Area : G. W. Young. 



Malacological Society, at 8. — Description of a New Spec-es of Clatbur- 

 ella, probably from Ceylon : H. B. Preston.— Nudihranchs from New 

 Zealand and the Falkland Islands : Sir Chitles Eliot —Note on the Name 

 " Bou'cieria " : E. R. Sykes.— Description of Two New Species of 

 Australian Helicoids, and Note on the Presence of a Double Wall in some 

 Species of the Diaphora Group of Ennea : H. C. Falton. 



SATURDAY, June 8. 



R.^YAL Institution, at 3.— The Contest between Guns and Armour : Sir 

 William H. White, K.C.B.. F.R.S. 



MOKDA Y. June 10. 



Royal Geooraphical Socieiv, at 8.45 —Oceanic Circulation : Dr. Olio 

 Petiersson. . . - 



TUESDAY, June 11. 



MiNERALOGlCAL SOCIETY, at 8.— Hamlinite iroin the Binnenlhal ; H. L. 

 Bowman— Note on Faceted Beads of Zinc: T. V. Bark= r — Un Chlor- 

 manganokalite : Dr. H. J. Johnston-Lavis and L. J. Spencer. 

 1 rtURSDA V. June 13. 



Royal Society, at 4.^s. — Rn'/'ai/e Papers: Some Points in the Develop- 

 ment of Ophiolhrix fia.iilU: Prof. E. W. MacRride, F.R, S.— On 

 Certain Phenomena of Inactivation and of Inhibition exhibited by 

 Precipitin .Antisera : D. .\. Welsh and H. 0. Chapman.— The Inhibitory 

 Action upon Subsequent Phagocytosis exerted on Active Normal Seruin 

 by Inactive Normal Serum through which Bacilli have been passed : 

 J. C. G. Ledirigham.— .IZ/mfc-mw membranaccn, Bertrand ; a New 

 Palaeozoic Lycopod with a Seed-like Structure : Miss M. Benson. — 

 Observations on the Life-history of Leucocytes. Part III. : C. E. 

 Walker. 



Chemical Society (Extra Meeting), at 8.30.— Discourse entitled Some 

 Borderline Problems in Botany: Prof J. B. Farmer, F.R.S. 



Mathematical Smciltv, at 5.30.— i.in Partial Differential Equations of 

 the S cond Order : Prof. A. R. Forsyth. 



Institution of Mining Engineers, at 11 a.m.— Improvements re- 

 quired in Inl.-ind Navigation : H. R. de Salis. — Bye-product Coking 

 Plant at Clay Cross: W. B. M. Jackson.— Notes on Bye-product Coke- 

 ovens, with Special Re'erence to the Koppers Oven : A. V. Kochs.— Kye- 

 pioduct Coke-ovens : P. Schwarz.— Water Supplies by Means of Artesian- 

 bored Tube-wells: H. F. Broadhur^t.- Gypsum in Sussex: W. J. 

 Kemp and G. A. Lewis.— The Use of Duplicate Capell Fans : G. M. 

 Capell. 



FRIDA Y, June 14. 



Royal Institution, at 9. 



KovAL Astronomical Society, at 5. 



Physical Society, at S. 



Institution of Mining Engineers, at 10.30 a.m. — The Reform ot 

 British Weights and Measures : A. Hopkinson.- 1 he Thick Coal of 

 Warwickshire: J. T. Browne -Decriptioi of the Ozokerite (Mineral 

 Wax) Mine at Boryslaw, Galicia, Austria: D. M. Chambers.— Notes on 

 the Structural Geology of South Africa: Dr. C. Sandherg. — The New- 

 Rand Gold-field. Orange River Colony: A. R. Sawyer -Cast-iron 

 Tubbing: What is the Rational Formula? H. W. G. Halbaum. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



Prehistoric Italy. By Ernest Barker 121 



The Functions of the Brain and Spinal Cord . . . 122 



Physiological Chemistry. By W. D. H 123 



Cement and Concrete. By T. H. B 123 



Books on Elementary Botany 124 



Our Book Shelf :- 



Baden-Powell: "Ballooning as a Sport"; Marshall 

 and Greenly : "Flying Machines: Past, Present, 



and Future" 125 



Courty : " Principes de Geologic stialigraphique, avec 



Developpenicnts sur le Tertiaire parisien " .... 125 



Bashore : " Outlines of Practical Sanitation " .... 125 



Kibot : " Essay on the Creative Imagination " . . . 125 

 Letters to the Editor: — 



The Origin of Radium.— Prof. E. Rutherford, 



F.R.S 126 



The Strucluie of the Ether. — Sir Oliver Lodge, 



F.R.S 126 



Root Action and Bacteria. — Spencer Pickering, 



F.R.S 126 



The Astronomical and Arch^ological Value of the 



Welsh Gorsedd. — A.L.Lewis; riev. John Griffith 127 

 Marine Zoology at the Cape. [Illustrated.) . . . . »'I2!S 



Reform in Rural Education . • 129 



Landscape Protection in Germany 130 



Sir Joseph Fayrer, Bart.. K.C.S.I., F.R.S. By Sir 



Lauder Brunton, F.R.S. . 130 



Sir Dietrich Brandis, K.C.I.E., F.R.S. By Prof. 



W. Schlich, F.R.S 131 



Notes 132 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



A New Comet 136 



Searchephenieris for Comet 1900 III. (Giacobini) . 136 



Comet 1905 IV 136 



Discovery of a Second Asteroid near Jupiter .... 136 



The Eclipse of January 14, 1907 ..... ... 136 



Progress in Regional Geology. {Illustrated.) By 



G. A. J. C 137 



The Federal Conference on Education 138 



The Biology of the Colorado Beetle and its Allies. 



By R. S. 139 



University and Educational Intelligence 140 



Societies and Academies 141 



Diary of Societies 144 



NO. 1962, VOL. 76] 



