TENNESSEE Flora. 19 



Mountains. Selecting the Lookout near Chattanooga for a type, 

 we find its summit wooded with Quercus Prinus, Quercus rubra, 

 Quercus alba, Quercus obtusiloba, and Quercus nigra; Pinus inops, 

 Pinus Tceda, Pinus mitis; Betula luteu, Gleditschia, triacanthos, 

 Robinia Pseudacacia, several Caryas and C. microcarpa among 

 them. Of -slTTubs : Rohinia hispida, Diervilla rivularis. Ilex mollis, 

 .Stuartia pentagyna. Hydrangea radmta, and again (but very rare) 

 BucMeya distichophylla, Nemopanthes Canadensis, and in a swamp 

 Dirca palustris. Of herbaceous plants : Utricularia gibba, luncus 

 Canadensis, and Arundinaria tecta. On flat rocks: Diamorpha 

 pusilla, Fimbristylis cnpillaris, Krigia Virginica, Arenaria glabra. 

 On the cliffs of the crest : Stipaavenacea,Silenerotundifolia,Linaria 

 Canadensis, Campanula divaricata, Thalictrum clavatum. Near 

 the base of the mountain, on limestone ledges : Gatesia laetevirens, 

 Callicarpa Americana, Triosteum perfoliatum, Silphium braclii- 

 atum. The Cumberlands excel the Alleghanies in a greater variety 

 •of ferns. Besides all species of the latter, we also find here As- 

 plenium Bradleyi, Asplenium pinnatifidum, Lygodiunv palmatum, 

 Bcolopendrium vulgare, and Trichomanes radicans, Asplenium vi- 

 ride, Adiantuni capilJus Veneris. 



MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 



The next division embraces the valley of East Tennessee and 

 the entire area of Middle Tennessee. Contour of surface and 

 :geological structure result in East Tennessee from the combined 

 processes of folding and erosion, whereby heterogeneous strata are 

 placed in juxtaposition, the whole valley being an often-repeated 

 •series of synclinals and anticlinals of calcareous and siliceous rocks, 

 while in Middle Tennessee erosion alone had been at play. 



A great fault connected with the upheaval of the Pine and 

 Grab Orchard Mountains, and in a line south of it, an eroded an- 

 ticlinal, the Sequatchie Valley, designate in the Cumberland Moun- 

 tain region the western terminus of those convulsions which in- 

 •volve the problem of the stratography of the Alleghanies in so great 

 difficulties. West of this line spread out the horizontal strata of 

 the Cumberland table-land, which terminates with an abrupt de- 

 scent of about 1,000 feet upon the highlands of Middle Tennessee. 

 These in turn overreach and encircle the floor of the basin of Middle 

 'Tennessee by from 500 to 600 feet, either in a bluff or through a 

 .gradual descent. 



