1 Preface. 



1893, an additional amendment was adopted, and a committee of 

 the association was appointed to elaborate a list of Pteridophyta 

 and Spermatophyta, growing without cultivation in Northeast- 

 ern North America. This work was subsequently published in 1894 

 as the fifth volume of the " Memoirs " of the Torrey Botanical 

 Club. The synonyms given under each species in this work in- 

 clude the recent current names, and thus avoid any difficulty in 

 identification. 



The recently published volumes of " The Illustrated Flora " will, 

 on account of the helpfulness of the illustrations, soon find their 

 way to general favor as an indispensable guide for less expert col- 

 lectors, for which the innovation therein adopted has no harassing 

 inconvenience. In view of this prospect I have also, although re- 

 luctantly, adopted the new nomenclature. I have, furthermore, 

 given in this edition the English vernacular names and some 

 derived from the Aborigines, where such are known, but did not 

 think it proper to make, in their absence, English translations from 

 the Latin names. A general botanical and geological chorography 

 or natural aspect of the area precedes the systematic enumeration 

 of the species. 



In the year 1890 my entire collection, the second largest herba- 

 rium in the South, came into the possession of the University of 

 Tennessee, at Knoxville, and as I cannot, by my advanced years, 

 expect to add much to its enlargement, I am happy to know it is 

 in hands under whose care it will be well preserved and utilized. 

 While the pursuit of botany never brought me any financial ad- 

 vantages, I acknowledge that it was a mighty protector in keeping 

 me out of the way of social corruption, and it gave me many hours 

 of the purest enjoyment of life and brought me into friendly re- 

 lations with many excellent men and women. 



In order to gain a wider circle of readers and to give further in- 

 ducement to the study of botany, I have added an " Epitome of 

 the History of Botany," a " Treatise on the Introduction of a For- 

 estry Policy in the United States," and a " Treatise on Protoplasm 

 and Origin of Life." 



A list of authors whose works have been consulted or literally 

 quoted is given at the end of the work. 



I am well aware that there is much scope for improvement of this 

 work, and I turn to the younger generation of botanists, who can 

 work under more favorable conditions, soliciting their cooperation 

 in extending and perfecting it. 



Very respectfully, A. GATTINGEE, M.D. 



