236 Philosophy of Botany. 



or scientific journals. Botanical ,q;ardcns. arboreta, and o^reen- 

 houses are annexed to several, to serve the purposes of the 

 demonstrator or investigator. 



St. Louis mav be justly proud of its mag^nificent Shaw 

 Botanical Institute, which, under the direction of a distin- 

 guished botanist, is destined to be a model school for scientific 

 botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists. 



In our own State the Agricultural Experiment Station has, 

 since several years, done excellent work, and issued valuable 

 instructive publications for the farmers of the State. This in- 

 stitute ought to be enlarged so that it could also embrace for- 

 estry, and should have two auxiliary experimental stations, 

 one in Middle Tennessee and one in West Tennessee, added 

 to the field of its activity. 



Bacteriology, formerly a branch of botany, but now enrolled 

 with biology on account of its far-reaching ef^ciency, has 

 lately found a representative in connection with the Vander- 

 bilt ^Medical College, and through the munificence of Mr. 

 George Vanderbilt. and under the care of an eminent bac- 

 teriologist, who for several years had attended the bacteriolog- 

 ical laboratories of France and Germany. It ofifers ample op- 

 porttmities to the student who enjoys the use of an equipment 

 which is provided with all modern appliances. 



I am confident that the time is not far oflF when we will have 

 institutions endowed with the fullest outfits in libraries, in- 

 struments, greenhouses, and botanical gardens, for original 

 work conducted by the heads of the departments, or by stu- 

 dents under their direction. The newly acquired colonies 

 oflfer the most inviting locations in the tropics for biological 

 stations. 



I undertook the wearisome and painful task to delineate in 

 outlines the period from the downfall of the Alexandrian 

 school to the revival of letters in Italy ; to remind the read- 

 er to what fearful depravity mankind will sink when, for sake 

 of hegemony in religion or politics, for hierarchy or imperial- 

 ism, the light of reason is put out and intellectual darkness is 

 spread over the land to shield the despoilers from responsi- 

 bility ; no longer by fire and sword, yet by supple and con- 



