Philosophy of Botany. 251 



trustees of the University of the South, at Sewanee, to place 

 there, at his expense, a forester and a forest school for the reg- 

 ular management of the extensive area (10,000 acres), owned 

 by the University of the South on the Cumberland plateau 

 around Sewanee. 



The course of instruction prescribed in German forest 

 schools, or academies, embraces the following lectures: (i) 

 A: Fundamental Instruction: General and agricultural chem- 

 istry: (2) mineralogy and geognosy, with special instruc- 

 tions in soil analysis ; (3) botany as general botany, or plant 

 physiology and forest botany ; (4) general zoology and forest 

 zoology; (5) physic, meteorology and climatology; (6) general 

 mathematics, with surveying and drawing; (7) theory of me- 

 chanics; (8) national economy; B: Specialties: (i) Forest 

 planting and maintaining; (2) forest protection; (3) utiliza- 

 tion ; (4) forest mathematics ; (5) designing and locating plots ; 

 (6) bookkeeping and forest police; (7) gamekeeping; (8) 

 history of science of forestry. 



In answer to the question raised about the financial results 

 of a regular forest administration as a branch of State or 

 national government, I copy from the Forester of March, 1898, 

 the following abstract on the forest management of the king- 

 dom of Bavaria : 



Financial Results of Forest Administration in Bavaria. 



In this small kingdom, with over 5,000,000 people on an area 

 of about 29,000 geographical square miles, or about half as 

 great as that of the State of Wisconsin, and with about 40 per 

 cent mountain district, the forest has long been recognized as 

 an indispensable part of a well-to-do Commonwealth. Even 

 during the Middle Ages the cities and religious bodies, such as 

 monasteries and churches of this region, accumulated forest 

 properties. The " Nueremberger Reichswald " had become 

 famous in the sixteenth century, and as early as the year 1616 

 definite forestry regulations helped to develop a judicious use 

 of the woods and their maintenance on all exposed mountain 

 lands. 



For over forty years the forests of Bavaria have covered in 

 the neighborhood of 6,000,000 acres, or about 34 per cent of the 



