ORTHOPTERA. 5 
six longitudinal and almost callous columns, in the form of lancets, 
separated by as many grooves, and with a valye at its ventricular 
aperture; of a stomach or chylific ventricle, at the posterior extre- 
mity of which are inserted numerous—thirty according to M. Du- 
four—hepatic vessels with a beak-like termination, a circumstance 
which removes these Insects from the Coleoptera, and approximates 
them to the other Orthoptera and to the Hymenoptera; and finally, 
of a small intestine, a cecum and arectum. The rectum, like that 
of several Hymenoptera, presents well circumscribed, muscular emi- 
nences, on which, by the aid of the microscope, we can discern 
highly ramified expansions of the trachee. According to M. Dufour, 
the apparatus of the genital organs differs essentially in various 
points from that of the Coleoptera and Orthoptera. Thus, for in- 
stance, the vesicule seminales, instead of being arranged symmetri- 
cally in pairs, consist of a single reservoir. Each testis is composed 
of two elongated, and more or less contiguous seminal capsules. 
The form of the ovaries, considered in mass, varies greatly, accord- 
ing tothe species. Sometimes they resemble two clusters’of grapes, 
and sometimes two bundles. In those females which have never been 
fecundated, the ovigerous sheaths have successive strangulations 
which give them the form of the beads of a rosary. We can pursue 
no further the observations of this savant, either in relation to the 
organs of respiration which consist in tubular trachez, or to the 
apparatus of sensation, or to the splanchnic adipose pulp. It has 
been said that the second joint of the tarsi was bilobate: he observes 
that it is simply dilated beneath, near the extremity, in the form of 
a reversed heart, and without emargination. He marks the two spe- 
cies submitted to his scalpel by detailed and rigorous characters(1). 
’ These Insects are very common in cool and.damp places, fre- 
quently collect in troops under stones and the bark of trees, are very 
injurious to our cultivated fruits, devour even their dead congeners, 
and defend themselves with their pincers, which frequently vary 
in form, according to the sex. It has been thought that they insi- 
nuate themselves into the ear, and to this they owe their name. 
(1) For other details, see his Memoir in the Ann. des Sc. Nat., XII, 337. Ac- 
cording to the same naturalist these Insects should form a particular order which 
he calls that of the Labidoures. M. Kirby had previously established it under the 
denomination of Dermaptera. Doctor Leach divides the remaining Orthoptera 
into two other orders. Those in which the wings are plaited and longitudinal, 
and where the suture of the elytra is straight form that of the Orthoptera proper. 
Those in which the elytra cross each other, the wings still remaining as usual, 
constitute that of the Dictuoptera. 
