HEMIPTERA. 39 
encloses this apparatus is divided into two cells by a squamous and 
triangular septum. When viewed from the side of the abdomen, 
each cell presents anteriorly a white and plaited membrane, and 
lower down, in the bottom, a tight, thin, transparent membrane, 
which Reaumur terms le miroir. If this part of the body be opened 
above, another plaited membrane is seen on each side, which is 
moved by an extremely powerful muscle composed of numerous, 
straight, and parallel fibres, and arising from the squamous septum. 
This membrane is the tymbal. The muscles, by rapidly contracting 
and relaxing, act on the tymbals, alternately tightening and restoring 
them to their original state. Such is the origin of these sounds, 
“which can even be produced after the death of the Insect, by jerking 
the muscle. 
The Cicade live on trees or shrubs, of which they suck the 
juices. The female, by means of an ovipositor enclosed in a bilami- 
nated semitubular sheath, and composed of three narrow, elongated, 
squamous pieces, two of which terminate in the form of a file, pierces 
the dead twigs to the medulla, in which she deposits her eggs. As 
the number of the latter is considerable, she makes several holes, 
indicated externally by as many elevations. The young larve how- 
ever leave their asylum to penetrate into the earth, where they grow 
and experience their metamorphosis. Their anterior legs are short, 
have very stout thighs armed with teeth, and are adapted for dig- 
ging. The Greeks ate the pup, which they called J ettigometra, 
and even the perfect Insect. Previous to coition they preferred the 
males, and when it had taken place the females were most sought 
for, as their abdomen is then filled with eggs. 
The C. orni, by wounding the tree from which its specific name 
is derived, produces that peculiar honey-like and purgative juice 
called manna. ; 
€v orn, L., Res. Insect. LU, Locust. xxw,, ly 23\.xXvl— S545 
About an inch long; yellowish; pale beneath, the same colour 
mixed with black above; margin of the abdominal segments, 
russets two rows of blackish points on the elytra, those nearest 
their inner margin the smallest. South of France, Italy, &e. 
C. plebeia, L.; Tettigonia fraxini, Fab.; Res., Ib. XXV, 4, 
6, 7,8. The largest species in France; black, with several spots 
on the first segment of the trunk; its posterior margin, the raised 
and arcuated portions of the scutellum, and several veins of the 
elytra, russet(1). 
(1) See Lat. Gener. Crust. et Insect., III, p. 154; Fab., Syst. Ryng., genus Tet- 
tigonia, and Oliv., Encyc. Méthod., article Cigale, where all the figures of Stoll, 
