HYMENOPTERA. ° 143 
They are all solitary, and each species consists of males and fe- 
males. ‘The females provide for their young before they are hatched, 
and for the whole time that they are to remain in the state of larve. 
The nests of the latter are usually formed of earth and sometimes 
hidden in holes of walls, in the ground or old wood, and sometimes 
exposed on plants. Each of them contains caterpillars or other 
larve, killed by the sting of the mother, who heaps them up ina 
circle for the use of her descendants. 
Synacris, Lat. Fab. ‘ 
Where the ligula is divided into four long and plumose threads, 
without glandular points at theirextremity. The mandibles of some 
males are very large and resemble horns. 
But few species are known, and all peculiar to Africa(1). 
EuMENEs, Lat. Fab. 
Where the ligula is divided into three pieces, glandular at the 
extremity, the intermediate one the largest, widened at the end, 
cordiform, and emarginated or bifid. 
In some the abdomen is ovoid, or conical, and thickest at base. 
Such are 
PrerocuiLe, Kliig, 
Remarkable for very long lips, and maxille forming a sort of 
proboscis bent underneath, and also distinguished by the labial palpi, 
which are bristled with long hairs, and consist of but three distinct 
joints(2). 
Opynerus, Lat. 
To which we may reunite the Rygchiz of M. Spinola, where these 
parts of the mouth are much shorter, and where the labial palpi are 
almost glabrous, with four apparent divisions. 
The female of a species of this division— Vespa muraria, ive 
Reaum., Mem. VI, xxvi, 1—10—makes a hole in the sand or 
(1) Synagris cornuta, Lat., Gener. Crust. et Insect., IV, p- 135; Fab., Syst. 
Piezat.; Drury, Insect., II, xlviii, 3, the male;—Vespa valida, .;—V. hemorr- 
hoidalis, Fab. 
(2) Panz., Hymen., p. 146; Vesp. phalerata, Faun. Insect. Germ., XLVUI, 21. 
