176 INSECTA. 
We may divide this section, extremely rich in species, in the fol- 
lowing manner. 
1. Those in which the third joint of the inferior palpi is some- 
times almost wanting, and sometimes very distinct, but as well fur- 
nished with scales as the preceding one, and in which the hooks of 
the tarsi are very apparent or salient. 
Their caterpillars are elongated and almost cylindrical. Their 
chrysalides are almost always angular, sometimes smooth, but en- 
closed in a rude cocoon. 
Of these, there are some—the Hexapoda—in which all the feet are 
adapted for walking, and are almost identical in both sexes(1). Their 
chrysalis, in addition to the ordinary posterior attachment, is fixed 
by a silken thread over its body. That of some is enclosed in a rude 
cocoon. The central cell of the lower wing is closed inferiorly(2). 
Here the internal margin of these wings is concave or plaited. 
~ ~ 
Paritio proper.—P. Hquites, Lin. 
Where the inferior palpi are very short, scarcely reaching the cly- 
peus with their superior extremity, and their third joint is indistinct. 
The caterpillars, when alarmed, protrude from the superior part 
of their neck a soft, forked horn, that usually diffuses a penetrating 
and disagreeable odour. Their skin is naked. The chrysalis is at- 
tached with a silken band and exposed. r 
The species of this subgenus are remarkable for their size arid 
varied colouring. They are more particularly abundant in the tro- 
pical countries of both hemispheres. Those with red spots on the 
breast form the division of the Lquites Troes or Trojan Knights of 
Linnzus. Those which are destitute of those marks in that place 
(1) The Papilios properly so called, or those belonging to the Linnzan division 
of the Hquites, are connected by one extremity of the series with the mottled 
Danaides, and by the other with the Parnassii. From the latter we pass to Thais 
and thence to Pieris. The preceding Danaides connect themselves with the He- 
liconii- From this it follows that we should begin the series of the diurnal Lepi- 
doptera with the Tetrapoda, such as Satyrus, Pavonia, Morpho and Nymphalis, in 
order to reach the Heliconii through Argynnis and Cethosia. The Diurne would 
be divided into two great sections; those whose chrysalids are suspended verti- 
cally, and simply attached by the extremity of their tail, and those where they are 
not only fixed by that extremity, but also by a silken band surrounding the body 
like a sling. The first are always tetrapodous. We would begin with those of 
which the caterpillars are naked or nearly sc, and generally bifid at the posterior 
extremity; then would come those where they are spinous. 
(2) I employed this character in my Gener. Crust. et Insect.; Dalman and Go- 
dart have generalized its application in relation to this family. 
