180 INSECTA. 
with spines or fleshy and hairy tubercles, compose the subgenera 
Crtuosia, Fab., and Arcynnis, Merire@a, Fab. In the first, seve- 
ral species of which have elevated and elongated wings, the in- 
ferior palpi are distant throughout their whole length, the hooks of 
the tarsi are simple, and the club of the antennz is oblong(1). In 
the second it is short and abrupt; the hooks of the tarsi are uniden- 
tated, and the inferior palpi are only distant at their extremity. 
The inferior wings are frequently round. 
Some—4rgynnis, Fab.—have nacred spots on the under part of 
their wings. Their caterpillars are furnished with spines, two 
on the neck longer than the rest. Those of the others—Meltea, 
Fabs—have little hairy tubercles; the wings are spotted like a chess- 
board, and the nacre is replaced by yellow, a circumstance which 
sometimes occurs in the preceding ones(2). 
Those in which the inferior palpi are contiguous throughout their 
whole length, terminated almost insensibly in a point, and strongly 
compressed, form five other subgenera. 
Vanessa, Fab. 
The Vanessz are removed from the following ones by their an- 
tennz, abruptly terminated by a short turbinated or ovoid button. 
Their caterpillars are densely spirous. 
V. morio; Papilio Antiopa, L.; Godart, Hist. Nat. des Lépid. 
de France, I, 5, 1. Wings angular, of a deep purple-black, with 
a yellowish or whitish band on the posterior margin, and a suite 
of blue spots above. 
Its caterpillar is blackish, spinous, and has a range of red, 
square, divided spots along the back. - It feeds on the leaves of 
the Birch, Poplar and Willow, where it lives in society. It 
appears at two periods. 
V. Jo; Papilio Io, L.; Godart, Ibid., I, 5,2. Wings angular 
and dentated, reddish-fulvous above with a large ocellated spot 
on each; that of the superior wings reddish in the centre and 
surrounded with a yellowish circle; the one on the inferior 
blackish, surrounded by a grey circle, and enclosing bluish 
spots; under surface of the wings blackish. 
Its caterpillar is black, dotted with white, and covered with 
hairy spines. On the Nettle. 
(1) See the works already quoted. — 
(2) Idem. 
