LEPIDOPTERA. 181 
V. cardut, Papilio cardui, L.; Godart, Ibid., I, 5, sect. 2. 
Wings dentated; above red and varied with black and white; 
beneath marbled with grey, yellow and brown; five ocellated and 
bluish spots on their margin. 
The caterpillar lives solitary on the Thistle. It is sometimes 
brownish with yellow stripes, and sometimes russet with trans- 
verse yellow bands. It is spinous. The perfect Insect only 
appears towards the close of summer. 
V. Atalanta; Papilio Atalanta, L.; V. Vulcain, Godart, Ibid., 
I, 6, 1. Wings dentated, somewhat angular; above black, tra- 
versed by a beautiful red band, and with white spots on the 
superior ones; marbled with various colours beneath. 
The caterpillar is black, spinous, and has a suite of lemon- 
coloured lines on each side. It lives on the Nettle, prefers 
the seeds, and remains hidden on the top of the plant among 
the leaves, which it rolls up and secures with silk. 
The same division includes various other species very com- 
mon in France, such as the V. polychloros (Papilio polychioros, 
L.), the V. urtice (P. urtice, L.), the V. c. album (P. ¢. album, 
L.). The chrysalis of the latter bears a rude resemblance to a 
human face or the mask of a Satyr(1). 
In the four following subgenera the antenne terminate in an elon- 
gated club, or are almost filiform. 
The caterpillars are naked or present but few spines. 
LisyTHEaA, Fab. 
Where the males only have the two anterior legs very short and 
resembling a sort of tippet. The inferior palpi project considerably 
in the manner of a rostrum. ‘The superior wings are very angu- 
lar(2). 
& 
Brsuis.—Melanitis, Fab. 
Where those palpi are also longer than the head, but more obtuse 
and slightly curved ‘at their extremity; where the two anterior legs 
are short and folded in both sexes, and the antennz terminate in a 
much smaller club. The wings are also proportionally wider and 
(1) For the other species, see Godart, Ibid., and the Encyc. Méthod., article 
Papillon, genus Vanesse. 
(2) See the works already quoted. 
