LEPIDOPTERA, 197 
the cut fragments enter into the composition of their cocoon. The 
chrysalis, at the moment the Insect is about to be developed, ad- 
vances to the mouth of the aperture through which it is to issue. 
C. ligniperda, Fab.; Rees., Insect. I, class IJ, Pap. Noct. 
XViIJ. Rather more than an inch in lengths; cinereous-grey 
with numerous, small, black lines on the upper wings, forming 
little veins, mixed with white; posterior extremity of the thorax 
yellowish, with a black line. 
The caterpillar, which is found in the spring, resembles a 
thick worm; it is reddish, with transverse bands of blood-red. 
It lives in the heart of the Willow and Oak, but particularly in 
the Elm. It disgorges an acrid and fetid humour, contained in 
spacious internal reservoirs, which it uses apparently to soften 
the wood(1). 
Srvc, Drap.—Bombyz, Hiib. 
Where the antennz are furnished throughout their whole length 
with a double series of short, narrow teeth, dilated and rounded at 
the end(2). 
Sometimes the antennz vary greatly—according to the sex; those 
of the males are furnished inferiorly with a double range of hairs, 
and*terminated by a thread; those of the females are entirely simple, 
but cottony at base. 
ZeuzERA, Lat.—Cossus, Fab. 
The caterpillar of a beautiful species—Cossus xsculi, Fab.— 
with a white body, blue rings on the abdomen, and numerous 
points of the same colour on the superior wings, lives in the 
Apple and Pear trees, &c., and frequently in their very heart(3). 
Our second section, that of the Bomnycirss, is distinguished from 
the preceding one and the third, by the following characters: the 
(1) Add Cossus teretra, Fab.;—Phalena striz, Cramer;—Cossus lituratus, Dono- 
van;—C. nebulosus; Donov. [For American species, see Bois-Duval and Le Conte, 
op. cit. Am. Ed.) 
(2) Stygia australis, Lat., Gener. Crust. et Insect., IV, 215; Godart, Hist. Nat. 
des Lépid. de France, HI, 169, xxii, 19. See also the Memoir of Villiers, already 
mentioned, in the Ann. de la Soc. Lin. de Par., V. North America produces ano- 
ther species. The antenne differ from those of a Cossus, so that this subgenus 
may be retained; the abdomen terminates in a little brush. 
(3) Res., Insect., UI, xlviii, 5, 6;—Cossus pyrinus, Fab.; C. scalaris, ejusd.; 
Phalzna scalaris, Donoy. ;—P. mineus, ejusd. 
