Son ECHINODERMATA. 
* In others there is a slight re-entering angle in each side of the 
pentagon(1). 
The sides of some are concave, which approximates them to a stel- 
lated figure(2). 
In these various species the ceca and the ovaries are not so elon- 
gated as in most of those which have their rays elongated and sepa- 
rated by strongly marked re-entering angles. Such are 
A. rubens, L.3; Encyc., CXIII, 1, 2. Extremely common on 
the whole coast of France, so much so, that in some districts 
they are employed to manure the soil. 
A. glacialis, L.; Link. XXXVIII, 69; Encyc. CVII and 
CVIH. This species is frequently more than a foot in diameter. 
The spines which invest the superior part of its body are sur- 
rounded by a multitude of fleshy tubes which compose a sort of 
cushion round their base. ; 
A. aurantiaca, L.; Link., VI, VII, XXIII; Encyc. CX; Egypt. 
Echin., pl. iv, 1. The largest species of the European seas; 
the edges of its rays are furnished with pieces arranged like 
paving stones, on which strong and movable spines are articu- 
lated. The whole of the superior surface is covered with little 
spines, terminated by a truncated and bristly head(3). 
Some species have more than five rays(4). Their ceca and ova- 
ries are very short. 
We should separate those species in which the rays are destitute 
of the longitudinal groove underneath for receiving the feet; gene- 
rally, these rays are not hollow, and the stomach is not prolonged 
into them in the form of czca, but its prominences remain in their 
intervals. Locomgtion is principally effected by the curves and mo- 
tions of the rays, and not by the feet, which are too few for that 
purpose. 
(1) .Asterias membranacea, Link., I, 2;—A. rosacea, Lam.; Encyc., XCIX, 2, 3. 
(2) .Asterias tesselata, var. C and D, Lam.; Link., XXHI, 37, XXIV, 39; Encyc., 
97 and 98, 1, 2;—.4. equestris, L. and Lam.; Link., XXXIII, 53; Encyc., Cl, CII; 
—A. reticulata, Lam.; Link., XLI, XLII; Encyc., C, 6, 7;—. militaris, Mull., 
Zool. Dan., CXXX1;—.4. minuta, Seb., Il, v, 14, 15; Encyc., C, 1, 3:—.4. nodosa, 
Link., II, Il, VII; Encye., CV, CVI. 
(3) Add .2. rosea, Miill., Zool. Dan., LX VII;—.2. violacea, Ib., LXV1;—2A. echi- 
niphora, Lam.; Link., IV, 7; Encyc., CXIX, 2, 5;—.2. variolata, Lam.; Link., VIII, 
10; Encyc., Ibid., 4, 5;—A. lavigata, Link., XXVIII, 47; Encyc., CXX;—A. sepo- 
sita, Link., IX, 16; Encyc. CXII, 1, 2. 
(4) Ast. paposa, Link., XVII, 28, XXXIV, 54; Encyc, CVII, 3, 4, 6, 7;—. 
echinites, Lam.; Solander and Ellis, Coral., LX—LXII; Encye., CVI, A—C;—.4. 
helianthus, Lam.; Encyc., CVIII and CIX. 
