334 ECHINODERMATA. 
lated mouth and a second and tubular oriffce which may be the 
anus(1). 
It is in the vicinity of the ComaruLaz that we must place 
the 
Encrinvus, Guett.(2) 
Which might be defined(3) as Comatule with a prolonged disk and 
a multiarticulated stem. The branches themselves are articulated 
and dichotomously ramose, bearing ranges of articulated threads, 
the stem being furnished with smaller ones at different heights; the 
mouth is in the centre of the rays, and the anus on one side. 
But one very small species—Pentacrinus europxus, Thoms., 
Monog.—is found in the seas of Europe; it attaches itself to-va- 
rious Lithophyta. 
The seas of hot climates produce larger and more compli- 
cated ones, such as the Encr. asterias, Blum.; Jsis aster, L. 
Fossil Encrinites however are very numerous, and so various, that 
they have been divided into several subgenera, according to the com- 
position of the central body placed on the summit of the stem and 
from which the large rays proceed. 
This body may be formed of pieces articulated with the stem, and 
bearing the rays by similar articulations. In this case, and if the 
stem be round and inflated above, we have the ArioorinirEs, Millers 
If it be round, but not inflated, EncrinirEs; 
If pentagonal, Penracrinus. 
Or this body may be formed of angular plates united at the edges, 
and forming several ranges. Of these 
The Praryorinires have but two ranges; one of three plates, the 
other of five; 
The Porerrocrinires have three ranges, each consisting of five 
plates; 
The CyatruooriniTeEs also three, and each of five, but the last is 
furnished with intercalated plates which may increase it to ten; 
The ActinocrinirEs have several ranges, the first of three, the 
(1) Asterias multiradiata, Zool. Miscel., loc. cit., L.; Link., XX, 33, XXII, 34; 
Encyc., CXXV;—<Ast. pectinata, L.; Link., XXX VII, 66; Encyc. CXXIV, 6, Egypt. 
Echin., 1, 1, 2, cc. 
(2) Acad. des Sc., 1755, p. 224. 
(3) See Schweigger, Hist. Moll. et Zooph., p. 528. 
