342 ECHINODERMAT®. 
of its ventral disk arranged in three series. From the seas of 
Europe. . 
In others, the inferior surface is altogether flat, soft, and fur- 
nished with a multitude of feet; the superior is convex, even sup- 
ported by osseous scales, and perforated anteriorly by a stellate 
orifice, or the mouth, from which proceed the tentacula, and poste- 
riorly by a round hole, which is the anus. 
H. squamata, Miill., Zool. Dan., X, 1,2, 3. A small species 
inhabiting European seas; those of hot climates produce larger 
ones(1). 
Here, the body is cartilaginous, horizontally flattened, and tren- 
chant at the edges; the mouth and feet are situated on the inferior 
surface, and the anus is placed at the posterior extremity. 
Hi. regalis, Cuv.; Pudendum regale, Fab. Colum., Aquat., 
XXVI, 1. More than a foot in length, and from three to four 
inches wide; crenulated all round. From the Mediterranean. 
There, the body is cylindrical and susceptible of being inflated in 
every direction by the absorption of water; the whole of the inferior 
surface is furnished with feet, and the remainder variously rough- 
ened. 
H. tremula, Gm.; Bohatsch., Anim. Mar., VI, VII. Black- 
ish, and when completely extended more than a foot long; its 
back is bristled with soft and conical points, and its mouth 
provided with twenty ramous tentacula. This species is very 
common in European seas, the Mediterranean particularly(2). 
There are some whose feet are arranged in five series that extend 
from the mouth to the anus like the ribs of a melon, whence their 
vulgar name of Sea Cucumbers. Such is 
H. frondosa, L.; Gunner., Stockh. Mem., 1767, pl. iv, fig. 1, 
2; Pentacta, Abildg., Zool. Dan., CVIII, 1, 2, and CXXIV. 
More than a foot in length, with a brown body. The European 
seas(3). 
(1) Those which Péron calls the Cuvieriss. 
(2) Add Holothuria elegans, Miill., Zool. Dan., Land II, which is the Hol. tremula 
of Gunner, Stockh. Mem., 1767, pl. iv, f. 3, of the 12th edition. These authors, 
however, do not describe it as being furnished with feet underneath ;—Fleurilarde, 
Diquemare, Journ. de Phys., 1778, Octob., pl. 3, f. 1. 
(3) The other figures quoted under Hol. pentactes, viz. Zool., Dan., XX XI, 8; 
the Echinus coriaceus, Planc., Conch., Min. Not. App. VI, D, E; Cucumis marinus, 
Rondel. Insect., et Zooph., 131, are probably different species. The Fleurilarde, 
Diquem., even belongs to another section of the genus. 
Add Hol. inhzrens, Zool., Dan., XXXI, 1—7;—Hol. pellucida, Ib., CVXXYV, 1; 
—Hol. levis, Fab., Groenl., No. 345;—Hol. minuta, Ib., No. 346. Perhaps the 
Hol. doliolum, Pall., Misc. Zool., pl. xi, f. 10. 
