364 ENTOZOA. 
~ 
CaRryYOPHYLLZ£us, Bl. te 
Where the head is dilated, fringed and furnished underneath with 
a bilabiate sucker, not easily perceived. A second and similar sucker 
has been occasionally seen underneath the tail. : 
One species is known, which inhabits various fresh-water 
Fishes, and particularly the Bream(1). 
Disroma, Retz and Zed. 
Where there is a sucker at the anterior extremity of the mouth, 
and a cup, a little posterior to it, on the venter. 
The species are very numerous, and some are found even in 
the plaited membrane of the eyes of certain Birds. Others, 
however, appear to inhabit fresh and salt water. The most 
celebrated is 
D. hepatica; Fasciola hepatica, L.; Scheeff., Monog., copied 
Encyc., Vers, pl. xxx, 1—11. It is very common in the hepa- 
tic vessels of Sheep, but is also found in those of various other 
Ruminantia, and of the Hog, Horse, and even of Man. Its form 
is that of a small oval leaf, pointed posteriorly, with a narrowed 
portion anteriorly, at the end of which is the first sucker, which 
communicates with a sort of esophagus, from which arise canals 
that ramify throughout the body, conveying the bile on which 
this animal feeds. Behind the sucker is a little retractile tenta- 
culum, which is the penis, and posterior to that, the second 
sucker; extremely flexuous vesicule seminales fill up the centres 
of the leaf. The ovary, which is found in every individual, is 
set in the intervals of the intestines, and the ova issue through 
a flexuous canal that opens exteriorly by a small hole by the side 
of the penis. These animals enjoy a mutual coitus. 
The species that infest Sheep become greatly multiplied when 
they graze in low and wet grounds, rendering them dropsical, 
and finally killing them(2). : 
M. Rudolphi, under the name of Ecurnosroma, makes a division 
(1) Id., Hist., pars II, 9, and Syn., p. 127. 
(2) For the other species, see Rud., Hist., II, parsI, p. 357, and Syn.,92. For 
their organization, see Observationes Anat. de Distomate hepatico et lanceolato of Ed. 
Mehlis, Gotting., 1825, in folio. 
